建一个数据链接----你查一下
create dblink
create dblink
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安装了客户端后,配置连接字符串,需要知道用户/密码。
软件环境:
1、Windows NT4.0+ORACLE 8.0.4
2、ORACLE安装路径为:C:\ORANT
3、服务器A、服务器B,均装有NT 4.0中文版实现方法:
1. 假设A地址192.1.1.1,B地址192.1.1.22. A、B上配置好TCP/IP,互相Ping通。3. 配置init.ora文件,若global_name = true的话,database link 的名字必须同远程机的实例名相同, 为简便起见,请将global_name 设为 false。4. 在服务器上配置tnsnames.ora,将Remote机器的地址(IP)信息加入本地的tnsnames.ora A服务器:
TNSA_B =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS =
(COMMUNITY = tcp.world)
(PROTOCOL = TCP)
(Host = 192.1.1.2)
(Port = 1521)
)
)
(CONNECT_DATA = (SID = ORCL)
)
) B服务器:
TNSB_A =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS =
(COMMUNITY = tcp.world)
(PROTOCOL = TCP)
(Host = 192.1.1.1)
(Port = 1521)
)
)
(CONNECT_DATA = (SID = ORCL)
)
)5. 在 SQL*Plus 或其它工具中创建数据库链接 A服务器:create public database link A_TO_B connect to tmp identified by tmp using 'TNSA_B'; B服务器:create public database link B_TO_A connect to tmp identified by tmp using 'TNSB_A'; 说明:
tmp是一个临时用户,A服务器、B服务器上均有,它的作用是提供链接的目的地,
假如:
B服务器上有user1、user2、tmp三个用户,user1和user2把他们想要对外公开的表的权限授给tmp用户,
那么,所有能通过database link连接到tmp用户上的人就可以直接访问user1、user2上的已授权表了。6. 建立database link以后,请用这种格式select * from table_name@database_link_name 的方式访问 如:在A服务器上想访问B服务器上user1用户table1表的内容(A到B的连接为A_TO_B),则 SQL> select * from table1@A_TO_B;7. 如果Oracle版本为7.3,则数据库联接写法如下: A服务器:create public database link A_TO_B connect to tmp identified by tmp using 't:192.1.1.2:orcl'; B服务器:create public database link B_TO_A connect to tmp identified by tmp using 't:192.1.1.1:orcl';
ORACLE访问SQL SERVER数据库有一篇《Oracle 异构服务实践》讲得很清楚。
但里面没有讲如何设置访问多个SQL Server数据库, 我就补充一下。
假设我们要在ORACLE里同时能访问SQL Server里默认的pubs和Northwind两个数据库。
1、在安装了ORACLE9i Standard Edition或者ORACLE9i Enterprise Edition的windows机器上(IP:192.168.0.2),
产品要选了透明网关(Oracle Transparent Gateway)里要访问Microsoft SQL Server数据库.
$ORACLE9I_HOME\tg4msql\admin下新写initpubs.ora和initnorthwind.ora配置文件
initpubs.ora内容如下:
HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO="SERVER=sqlserver_hostname;DATABASE=pubs"
HS_DB_NAME=pubs
HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL=OFF
HS_FDS_RECOVERY_ACCOUNT=RECOVER
HS_FDS_RECOVERY_PWD=RECOVER
initnorthwind.ora内容如下:
HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO="SERVER=sqlserver_hostname;DATABASE=Northwind"
HS_DB_NAME=Northwind
HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL=OFF
HS_FDS_RECOVERY_ACCOUNT=RECOVER
HS_FDS_RECOVERY_PWD=RECOVER
(蓝色字的部分可以根据具体要访问的SQL Server数据库的情况而修改)
$ORACLE9I_HOME\network\admin 下listener.ora内容如下:
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
)SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = test9)
(ORACLE_HOME = d:\oracle\ora92)
(SID_NAME = test9)
)
(SID_DESC=
(SID_NAME=pubs)
(ORACLE_HOME=d:\Oracle\Ora92)
(PROGRAM=tg4msql)
)
(SID_DESC=
(SID_NAME=northwind)
(ORACLE_HOME=d:\Oracle\Ora92)
(PROGRAM=tg4msql)
)
)
重启动这台做gateway的windows机器上(IP:192.168.0.2)TNSListener服务.
(凡是按此步骤新增可访问的SQL Server数据库时,TNSListener服务都要重启动) 2、ORACLE8I,ORACLE9I的服务器端配置tnsnames.ora, 添加下面的内容:
pubs =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = pubs)
)
(HS = pubs)
)
northwind =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = northwind)
)
(HS = northwind)
)
保存tnsnames.ora后,在命令行下
tnsping pubs
tnsping northwind
出现类似提示,即为成功
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)
(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = pubs)) (HS = pubs))
OK(20毫秒)
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)
(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = northwind)) (HS = northwind))
OK(20毫秒)
设置数据库参数global_names=false。
设置global_names=false不要求建立的数据库链接和目的数据库的全局名称一致。
global_names=true则要求, 多少有些不方便。
oracle9i和oracle8i都可以在DBA用户下用SQL命令改变global_names参数
alter system set global_names=false;
建立公有的数据库链接:
create public database link pubs connect to testuser identified by testuser_pwd using 'pubs';
create public database link northwind connect to testuser identified by testuser_pwd using 'northwind';
(假设SQL Server下pubs和northwind已有足够权限的用户登录testuser,密码为testuser_pwd)
访问SQL Server下数据库里的数据:
select * from stores@pubs;
...... ......
select * from region@northwind;
...... ......
3、使用时的注意事项
ORACLE通过访问SQL Server的数据库链接时,用select * 的时候字段名是用双引号引起来的。
例如:
create table stores as select * from stores@pubs;
select zip from stores;
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-00904: 无效列名
select "zip" from stores;
zip
-----
98056
92789
96745
98014
90019
89076 已选择6行。
用SQL Navigator或Toad看从SQL Server转移到ORACLE里的表的建表语句为:
CREATE TABLE stores
("stor_id" CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
"stor_name" VARCHAR2(40),
"stor_address" VARCHAR2(40),
"city" VARCHAR2(20),
"state" CHAR(2),
"zip" CHAR(5))
PCTFREE 10
PCTUSED 40
INITRANS 1
MAXTRANS 255
TABLESPACE users
STORAGE (
INITIAL 131072
NEXT 131072
PCTINCREASE 0
MINEXTENTS 1
MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
)
/总结: WINDOWS下ORACLE9i网关服务器在$ORACLE9I_HOME\tg4msql\admin目录下的initsqlserver_databaseid.ora WINDOWS下ORACLE9i网关服务器listener.ora里面
(SID_DESC=
(SID_NAME=sqlserver_databaseid)
(ORACLE_HOME=d:\Oracle\Ora92)
(PROGRAM=tg4msql)
)
UNIX或WINDOWS下ORACLE8I,ORACLE9I服务器tnsnames.ora里面
northwind =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = sqlserver_databaseid)
)
(HS = sqlserver_databaseid)
)
sqlserver_databaseid一致才行.