--------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPEG 1
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Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s.
MPEG-1 is a standard in 5 parts:Systems
Video
Audio
Conformance testing
Software simulation
Part 1: Systems
Addresses the problem of combining one or more data streams from the video and audio parts of the MPEG-1 standard with timing information to form a single stream. This is an important fuction because, once combined into a single stream, the data are in a form well suited to digital storage or transmission.
Part 2: Video
Specifies a coded representation that can be used for compressing video sequences to bitrates around 1,5 Mbit/s. Part 2 was developed to operate principally from storage media offering a continuous transfer rate of about 1,5 Mbit/s. Nevertheless it can be used more widely than this because the approach taken is generic.
A number of techniques are used to achieve a high compression ratio. The first is to select an appropriate spatial resolution for the signal. The algorithm then uses block-based motion compensation to reduce the temporal redundancy. Motion compensation is used for causal prediction of the current picture from a previous picture, for non-causal prediction of the current picture from a future picture, or for interpolative prediction from past and future pictures. The difference signal, the prediction error, is further compressed using the discrete cosine transform (DCT) to remove spatial correlation and is then quantised. Finally, the motion vectors are combined with the DCT information, and coded using variable length codes.
Part 3: Audio
Specifies a coded representation that can be used for compressing audio sequences (both mono and stereo). The algorithm is illustrated in Figure 3 below. Input audio samples are fed into the encoder. The mapping creates a filtered and subsampled representation of the input audio stream. A psychoacoustic model creates a set of data to control the quantiser and coding. The quantiser and coding block creates a set of coding symbols from the mapped input samples. The block 'frame packing' assembles the actual bitstream from the output data of the other blocks, and adds other information (e.g. error correction) if necessary.
Part 4: Conformance testing
Specifies how tests can be designed to verify whether bitstreams and decoders meet the requirements as specified in parts 1, 2 and 3 of the MPEG-1 standard. These tests can be used by:
manufacturers of encoders, and their customers, to verify whether the encoder produces valid bitstreams;manufacturers of decoders and their customers to verify whether the decoder meets the requirements specified in parts 1,2 and 3 of the standard for the claimed decoder capabilities;applications to verify whether the characteristics of a given bitstream meet the application requirements, for example whether the size of the coded picture does not exceed the maximum value allowed for the application.Part 5: Software simulation
Technically not a standard, but a technical report, gives a full software implementation of the first three parts of the MPEG-1 standard. The source code is not publicly available.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s.
MPEG-1 is a standard in 5 parts:Systems
Video
Audio
Conformance testing
Software simulation
Part 1: Systems
Addresses the problem of combining one or more data streams from the video and audio parts of the MPEG-1 standard with timing information to form a single stream. This is an important fuction because, once combined into a single stream, the data are in a form well suited to digital storage or transmission.
Part 2: Video
Specifies a coded representation that can be used for compressing video sequences to bitrates around 1,5 Mbit/s. Part 2 was developed to operate principally from storage media offering a continuous transfer rate of about 1,5 Mbit/s. Nevertheless it can be used more widely than this because the approach taken is generic.
A number of techniques are used to achieve a high compression ratio. The first is to select an appropriate spatial resolution for the signal. The algorithm then uses block-based motion compensation to reduce the temporal redundancy. Motion compensation is used for causal prediction of the current picture from a previous picture, for non-causal prediction of the current picture from a future picture, or for interpolative prediction from past and future pictures. The difference signal, the prediction error, is further compressed using the discrete cosine transform (DCT) to remove spatial correlation and is then quantised. Finally, the motion vectors are combined with the DCT information, and coded using variable length codes.
Part 3: Audio
Specifies a coded representation that can be used for compressing audio sequences (both mono and stereo). The algorithm is illustrated in Figure 3 below. Input audio samples are fed into the encoder. The mapping creates a filtered and subsampled representation of the input audio stream. A psychoacoustic model creates a set of data to control the quantiser and coding. The quantiser and coding block creates a set of coding symbols from the mapped input samples. The block 'frame packing' assembles the actual bitstream from the output data of the other blocks, and adds other information (e.g. error correction) if necessary.
Part 4: Conformance testing
Specifies how tests can be designed to verify whether bitstreams and decoders meet the requirements as specified in parts 1, 2 and 3 of the MPEG-1 standard. These tests can be used by:
manufacturers of encoders, and their customers, to verify whether the encoder produces valid bitstreams;manufacturers of decoders and their customers to verify whether the decoder meets the requirements specified in parts 1,2 and 3 of the standard for the claimed decoder capabilities;applications to verify whether the characteristics of a given bitstream meet the application requirements, for example whether the size of the coded picture does not exceed the maximum value allowed for the application.Part 5: Software simulation
Technically not a standard, but a technical report, gives a full software implementation of the first three parts of the MPEG-1 standard. The source code is not publicly available.
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