//C++ Operators // Operators specify an evaluation to be performed on one of the following: // One operand (unary operator) // Two operands (binary operator) // Three operands (ternary operator) // The C++ language includes all C operators and adds several new operators. // Table 1.1 lists the operators available in Microsoft C++. // Operators follow a strict precedence which defines the evaluation order of //expressions containing these operators. Operators associate with either the //expression on their left or the expression on their right; this is called //“associativity.” Operators in the same group have equal precedence and are //evaluated left to right in an expression unless explicitly forced by a pair of //parentheses, ( ). // Table 1.1 shows the precedence and associativity of C++ operators // (from highest to lowest precedence). // //Table 1.1 C++ Operator Precedence and Associativity // The highest precedence level is at the top of the table. //+------------------+-----------------------------------------+---------------+ //| Operator | Name or Meaning | Associativity | //+------------------+-----------------------------------------+---------------+ //| :: | Scope resolution | None | //| :: | Global | None | //| [ ] | Array subscript | Left to right | //| ( ) | Function call | Left to right | //| ( ) | Conversion | None | //| . | Member selection (object) | Left to right | //| -> | Member selection (pointer) | Left to right | //| ++ | Postfix increment | None | //| -- | Postfix decrement | None | //| new | Allocate object | None | //| delete | Deallocate object | None | //| delete[ ] | Deallocate object | None | //| ++ | Prefix increment | None | //| -- | Prefix decrement | None | //| * | Dereference | None | //| & | Address-of | None | //| + | Unary plus | None | //| - | Arithmetic negation (unary) | None | //| ! | Logical NOT | None | //| ~ | Bitwise complement | None | //| sizeof | Size of object | None | //| sizeof ( ) | Size of type | None | //| typeid( ) | type name | None | //| (type) | Type cast (conversion) | Right to left | //| const_cast | Type cast (conversion) | None | //| dynamic_cast | Type cast (conversion) | None | //| reinterpret_cast | Type cast (conversion) | None | //| static_cast | Type cast (conversion) | None | //| .* | Apply pointer to class member (objects) | Left to right | //| ->* | Dereference pointer to class member | Left to right | //| * | Multiplication | Left to right | //| / | Division | Left to right | //| % | Remainder (modulus) | Left to right | //| + | Addition | Left to right | //| - | Subtraction | Left to right | //| << | Left shift | Left to right | //| >> | Right shift | Left to right | //| < | Less than | Left to right | //| > | Greater than | Left to right | //| <= | Less than or equal to | Left to right | //| >= | Greater than or equal to | Left to right | //| == | Equality | Left to right | //| != | Inequality | Left to right | //| & | Bitwise AND | Left to right | //| ^ | Bitwise exclusive OR | Left to right | //| | | Bitwise OR | Left to right | //| && | Logical AND | Left to right | //| || | Logical OR | Left to right | //| e1?e2:e3 | Conditional | Right to left | //| = | Assignment | Right to left | //| *= | Multiplication assignment | Right to left | //| /= | Division assignment | Right to left | //| %= | Modulus assignment | Right to left | //| += | Addition assignment | Right to left | //| -= | Subtraction assignment | Right to left | //| <<= | Left-shift assignment | Right to left | //| >>= | Right-shift assignment | Right to left | //| &= | Bitwise AND assignment | Right to left | //| |= | Bitwise inclusive OR assignment | Right to left | //| ^= | Bitwise exclusive OR assignment | Right to left | //| , | Comma | Left to right | //+------------------+-----------------------------------------+---------------+
// Operators specify an evaluation to be performed on one of the following:
// One operand (unary operator)
// Two operands (binary operator)
// Three operands (ternary operator)
// The C++ language includes all C operators and adds several new operators.
// Table 1.1 lists the operators available in Microsoft C++.
// Operators follow a strict precedence which defines the evaluation order of
//expressions containing these operators. Operators associate with either the
//expression on their left or the expression on their right; this is called
//“associativity.” Operators in the same group have equal precedence and are
//evaluated left to right in an expression unless explicitly forced by a pair of
//parentheses, ( ).
// Table 1.1 shows the precedence and associativity of C++ operators
// (from highest to lowest precedence).
//
//Table 1.1 C++ Operator Precedence and Associativity
// The highest precedence level is at the top of the table.
//+------------------+-----------------------------------------+---------------+
//| Operator | Name or Meaning | Associativity |
//+------------------+-----------------------------------------+---------------+
//| :: | Scope resolution | None |
//| :: | Global | None |
//| [ ] | Array subscript | Left to right |
//| ( ) | Function call | Left to right |
//| ( ) | Conversion | None |
//| . | Member selection (object) | Left to right |
//| -> | Member selection (pointer) | Left to right |
//| ++ | Postfix increment | None |
//| -- | Postfix decrement | None |
//| new | Allocate object | None |
//| delete | Deallocate object | None |
//| delete[ ] | Deallocate object | None |
//| ++ | Prefix increment | None |
//| -- | Prefix decrement | None |
//| * | Dereference | None |
//| & | Address-of | None |
//| + | Unary plus | None |
//| - | Arithmetic negation (unary) | None |
//| ! | Logical NOT | None |
//| ~ | Bitwise complement | None |
//| sizeof | Size of object | None |
//| sizeof ( ) | Size of type | None |
//| typeid( ) | type name | None |
//| (type) | Type cast (conversion) | Right to left |
//| const_cast | Type cast (conversion) | None |
//| dynamic_cast | Type cast (conversion) | None |
//| reinterpret_cast | Type cast (conversion) | None |
//| static_cast | Type cast (conversion) | None |
//| .* | Apply pointer to class member (objects) | Left to right |
//| ->* | Dereference pointer to class member | Left to right |
//| * | Multiplication | Left to right |
//| / | Division | Left to right |
//| % | Remainder (modulus) | Left to right |
//| + | Addition | Left to right |
//| - | Subtraction | Left to right |
//| << | Left shift | Left to right |
//| >> | Right shift | Left to right |
//| < | Less than | Left to right |
//| > | Greater than | Left to right |
//| <= | Less than or equal to | Left to right |
//| >= | Greater than or equal to | Left to right |
//| == | Equality | Left to right |
//| != | Inequality | Left to right |
//| & | Bitwise AND | Left to right |
//| ^ | Bitwise exclusive OR | Left to right |
//| | | Bitwise OR | Left to right |
//| && | Logical AND | Left to right |
//| || | Logical OR | Left to right |
//| e1?e2:e3 | Conditional | Right to left |
//| = | Assignment | Right to left |
//| *= | Multiplication assignment | Right to left |
//| /= | Division assignment | Right to left |
//| %= | Modulus assignment | Right to left |
//| += | Addition assignment | Right to left |
//| -= | Subtraction assignment | Right to left |
//| <<= | Left-shift assignment | Right to left |
//| >>= | Right-shift assignment | Right to left |
//| &= | Bitwise AND assignment | Right to left |
//| |= | Bitwise inclusive OR assignment | Right to left |
//| ^= | Bitwise exclusive OR assignment | Right to left |
//| , | Comma | Left to right |
//+------------------+-----------------------------------------+---------------+