如何用c#画二叉树，求指教~偶是菜鸟

Question

为了制作数据结构算法的图示教学软件，请教各位大哥大姐，如何用代码根据一个未排序的序列画出一棵二叉树呢？O(∩_∩)O谢谢~~

Answer 1

基本原理：  1. 从下往上计算位置  2. 模仿Word中组织结构图的特点调用代码：Tree<string> tree = new Tree<string>(null, "董事会");
                tree.Add("北京公司");
                tree.Add("董事秘书室特殊机构");
                tree.Add("上海公司");                tree.Childs[0].Add("总经理办公室");
                tree.Childs[0].Add("财务部");
                tree.Childs[0].Add("销售部");                tree.Childs[2].Add("上海销售部");                Bitmap bmp = tree.DrawAsImage();实现代码：using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Drawing;namespace Test{
    /// <summary>
    /// 用来输出组织结构图的类
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    public class Tree<T>
    {
        Tree<T> _Parent = null;
        T _Content;
        List<Tree<T>> _Childs = new List<Tree<T>>();
        SizeF _Size;
        Rectangle _Rec;        public Tree(Tree<T> parent, T content)
        {
            _Parent = parent;
            _Content = content;
        }        public Tree<T> Add(T content)
        {
            Tree<T> tree = new Tree<T>(this, content);
            _Childs.Add(tree);
            return tree;
        }        public Tree<T> Parent { get { return _Parent; } }        public T Content { get { return _Content; } }        public List<Tree<T>> Childs { get { return _Childs; } }        public SizeF Size { get { return _Size; } set { _Size = value; } }        public Rectangle Rec { get { return _Rec; } set { _Rec = value; } }        void MeatureAllSize(Graphics g, Font font, int addWidth)
        {
            _Size = g.MeasureString(_Content.ToString(), font);
            _Size.Width += addWidth;
            foreach (Tree<T> tree in Childs)
                tree.MeatureAllSize(g, font, addWidth);
        }        List<List<Tree<T>>> GetTreeLayers()
        {
            List<List<Tree<T>>> layers = new List<List<Tree<T>>>();
            GetTreeLayers(layers, new List<Tree<T>>(new Tree<T>[] { this }), 0);            return layers;
        }        void GetTreeLayers(List<List<Tree<T>>> layers, List<Tree<T>> childs, int level)
        {
            if (childs.Count == 0) return;
            if (layers.Count <= level) layers.Add(new List<Tree<T>>());            for (int i = 0; i < childs.Count; i++)
            {
                layers[level].Add(childs[i]);
                GetTreeLayers(layers, childs[i].Childs, level + 1);
            }
        }        /// <summary>
        /// 设置显示区域（从最后一层最左开始）
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="level"></param>
        /// <param name="height"></param>
        /// <param name="interval"></param>
        /// <param name="left"></param>
        void SetRectangle(int level, int height, int hInterval, int vInterval, int left)
        {
            int index = 0;
            if (Parent != null) index = Parent.Childs.IndexOf(this);            if (Childs.Count == 0)
            {
                // 没有儿子，就向前靠
                if (left > 0) left += hInterval;
            }
            else
            {
                // 有儿子，就在儿子中间
                int centerX = (Childs[0].Rec.Left + Childs[Childs.Count - 1].Rec.Right) / 2;
                left = centerX - (int)_Size.Width / 2;                // 并且不能和前面的重复，如果重复，联同子孙和子孙的右边节点右移
                if (Parent != null && index > 0)
                {
                    int ex = (Parent.Childs[index - 1].Rec.Right + hInterval) - left;
                    if (index > 0 && ex > 0)
                    {
                        for (int i = index; i < Parent.Childs.Count; i++)
                            Parent.Childs[i].RightChilds(ex);
                        left += ex;
                    }
                }
            }
            _Rec = new Rectangle(left, (height + vInterval) * level, (int)_Size.Width, height);
        }        /// <summary>
        /// 所有子孙向右平移
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ex"></param>
        void RightChilds(int ex)
        {
            Rectangle rec;
            for (int i = 0; i < _Childs.Count; i++)
            {
                rec = _Childs[i].Rec;
                rec.Offset(ex, 0);
                _Childs[i].Rec = rec;
                _Childs[i].RightChilds(ex);
            }
        }        void Offset(int x, int y)
        {
            _Rec.Offset(x, y);
            for (int i = 0; i < _Childs.Count; i++)
                _Childs[i].Offset(x, y);
        }        public Bitmap DrawAsImage()
        {
            return DrawAsImage(Pens.Black, new Font("宋体", 10.5f), 26, 20, 5, 20, 26);
        }        public Bitmap DrawAsImage(Pen pen, Font font, int h, int horPadding,
            int horInterval, int verInterval, int borderWidth)
        {
            Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(1, 1);
            Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp);
            // 把树扁平化
            List<List<Tree<T>>> layers = GetTreeLayers();            // 算出每个单元的大小
            MeatureAllSize(g, font, horPadding);
            g.Dispose();
            bmp.Dispose();            // 从最后一层开始排列
            int left = 0;
            for (int i = layers.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < layers[i].Count; j++)
                {
                    layers[i][j].SetRectangle(i, h, horInterval, verInterval, left);
                    left = layers[i][j].Rec.Right;
                }
            }            Offset(borderWidth, borderWidth);            // 获取画布需要的大小
            int maxHeight = (h + verInterval) * layers.Count - verInterval + borderWidth * 2;
            int maxWidth = 0;
            for (int i = layers.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < layers[i].Count; j++)
                {
                    if (layers[i][j].Rec.Right > maxWidth)
                        maxWidth = layers[i][j].Rec.Right;
                }
            }
            maxWidth += borderWidth; // 边宽            // 画
            bmp = new Bitmap(maxWidth, maxHeight);
            g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp);
            g.Clear(Color.White);
            StringFormat format = (StringFormat)StringFormat.GenericDefault.Clone();
            format.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;
            format.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center;            Rectangle rec, recParent;
            for (int i = 0; i < layers.Count; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < layers[i].Count; j++)
                {
                    // 画字
                    rec = (Rectangle)layers[i][j].Rec;
                    g.DrawRectangle(pen, rec);
                    g.DrawString(layers[i][j].Content.ToString(), font, new SolidBrush(pen.Color),
                        rec, format);
                    // 画到父亲的线
                    if (layers[i][j].Parent != null)
                    {
                        recParent = layers[i][j].Parent.Rec;
                        g.DrawLine(pen, rec.Left + rec.Width / 2, rec.Top,
                            rec.Left + rec.Width / 2, rec.Top - verInterval / 2);
                        g.DrawLine(pen, recParent.Left + recParent.Width / 2, recParent.Bottom,
                            recParent.Left + recParent.Width / 2, rec.Top - verInterval / 2);
                        g.DrawLine(pen, rec.Left + rec.Width / 2, rec.Top - verInterval / 2,
                            recParent.Left + recParent.Width / 2, rec.Top - verInterval / 2);
                    }
                }
            }            g.Flush();
            g.Dispose();            return bmp;
        }
    }
}
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