中文字符串模糊匹配算法

Question

形如“巴中铭瑄” 与”巴中明轩“ 或者“巴中大铭瑄或者“巴中铭瑄山””之类的匹配算法，各位有没有好的点的思想？ 

Answer 1

"巴中铭瑄" 与"巴中明轩" 可以借助汉语拼音啊。
  using System;
  using System.Collections;
  using System.Text;
  namespace CiDianDLL
  {
    #region 汉字转化成拼音
     
     public class ChineseToSpell
     {
                 
         //// <summary>
         /// 获得拼音
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="str_Spell">汉字</param>
         /// <returns></returns>
         //调用格式：GetSpell(string str_Spell)
         //str_Spell是要转换的汉字
         //返回结果是转化成的拼音
         //目前还不完善，例如“爨”字转换不出来，需要进一步完善
         public static string GetSpell(string str_Chinese)
         {
             try
             {
                 Hashtable t=hb();
 
                 byte[] b=System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(str_Chinese);
                 int p;
                 StringBuilder ret=new StringBuilder();
                 for(int i=0;i< b.Length;i++)
                 {
                     p=(int)b[i];
                     if(p>128)//160? or 128? 原文是160，待以后考证
                     {
                         p=p*256+b[++i]-65536;
                         ret.Append(Get(t,p));
                     }
                     else
                     {
                         ret.Append((char)p);
                     }
                 }
                 t.Clear();
                 return ret.ToString();
             }
             catch
             {
                return "";
             }
             
         }
         
         private static string Get(Hashtable ht,int num)
         {
             if(num < -20319||num > -10247)
                 return "";
             while(!ht.ContainsKey(num))
                 num--;
             return ht[num].ToString();
         }
//代码分段 下续
}  这有个把汉字转换成汉语拼音的代码。
有了这个应该就能解决你说的问题了

Answer 2

         private static Hashtable hb() 
         {
             //尚不晚完善，例如“爨”就没有转换出来
             Hashtable ht=new Hashtable(); 
             ht.Add(-20319,"a"); 
             ht.Add(-20317,"ai");ht.Add(-20304,"an"); ht.Add(-20295,"ang"); 
             ht.Add(-20292,"ao");ht.Add(-20283,"ba"); ht.Add(-20265,"bai"); 
             ht.Add(-20257,"ban");ht.Add(-20242,"bang"); ht.Add(-20230,"bao"); 
             ht.Add(-20051,"bei"); ht.Add(-20036,"ben"); ht.Add(-20032,"beng"); 
             ht.Add(-20026,"bi"); ht.Add(-20002,"bian"); ht.Add(-19990,"biao"); 
             ht.Add(-19986,"bie"); ht.Add(-19982,"bin"); ht.Add(-19976,"bing"); 
             ht.Add(-19805,"bo"); ht.Add(-19784,"bu"); ht.Add(-19775,"ca"); 
             ht.Add(-19774,"cai"); ht.Add(-19763,"can"); ht.Add(-19756,"cang"); 
             ht.Add(-19751,"cao"); ht.Add(-19746,"ce"); ht.Add(-19741,"ceng"); 
             ht.Add(-19739,"cha"); ht.Add(-19728,"chai"); ht.Add(-19725,"chan"); 
             ht.Add(-19715,"chang"); ht.Add(-19540,"chao"); ht.Add(-19531,"che"); 
             ht.Add(-19525,"chen"); ht.Add(-19515,"cheng"); ht.Add(-19500,"chi"); 
             ht.Add(-19484,"chong"); ht.Add(-19479,"chou"); ht.Add(-19467,"chu"); 
             ht.Add(-19289,"chuai"); ht.Add(-19288,"chuan"); ht.Add(-19281,"chuang"); 
             ht.Add(-19275,"chui"); ht.Add(-19270,"chun"); ht.Add(-19263,"chuo"); 
             ht.Add(-19261,"ci"); ht.Add(-19249,"cong"); ht.Add(-19243,"cou"); 
             ht.Add(-19242,"cu"); ht.Add(-19238,"cuan"); ht.Add(-19235,"cui"); 
             ht.Add(-19227,"cun"); ht.Add(-19224,"cuo"); ht.Add(-19218,"da"); 
             ht.Add(-19212,"dai"); ht.Add(-19038,"dan"); ht.Add(-19023,"dang"); 
             ht.Add(-19018,"dao"); ht.Add(-19006,"de"); ht.Add(-19003,"deng"); 
             ht.Add(-18996,"di"); ht.Add(-18977,"dian"); ht.Add(-18961,"diao"); 
             ht.Add(-18952,"die"); ht.Add(-18783,"ding"); ht.Add(-18774,"diu"); 
             ht.Add(-18773,"dong"); ht.Add(-18763,"dou"); ht.Add(-18756,"du"); 
             ht.Add(-18741,"duan"); ht.Add(-18735,"dui"); ht.Add(-18731,"dun"); 
             ht.Add(-18722,"duo"); ht.Add(-18710,"e"); ht.Add(-18697,"en"); 
             ht.Add(-18696,"er"); ht.Add(-18526,"fa"); ht.Add(-18518,"fan"); 
             ht.Add(-18501,"fang"); ht.Add(-18490,"fei"); ht.Add(-18478,"fen"); 
             ht.Add(-18463,"feng"); ht.Add(-18448,"fo"); ht.Add(-18447,"fou"); 
             ht.Add(-18446,"fu"); ht.Add(-18239,"ga"); ht.Add(-18237,"gai"); 
             ht.Add(-18231,"gan"); ht.Add(-18220,"gang"); ht.Add(-18211,"gao"); 
            ht.Add(-18201,"ge"); ht.Add(-18184,"gei"); ht.Add(-18183,"gen"); 
            ht.Add(-18181,"geng"); ht.Add(-18012,"gong"); ht.Add(-17997,"gou"); 
            ht.Add(-17988,"gu"); ht.Add(-17970,"gua"); ht.Add(-17964,"guai"); 
            ht.Add(-17961,"guan"); ht.Add(-17950,"guang"); ht.Add(-17947,"gui"); 
            ht.Add(-17931,"gun"); ht.Add(-17928,"guo"); ht.Add(-17922,"ha"); 
            ht.Add(-17759,"hai"); ht.Add(-17752,"han"); ht.Add(-17733,"hang"); 
            ht.Add(-17730,"hao"); ht.Add(-17721,"he"); ht.Add(-17703,"hei"); 
            ht.Add(-17701,"hen"); ht.Add(-17697,"heng"); ht.Add(-17692,"hong"); 
            ht.Add(-17683,"hou"); ht.Add(-17676,"hu"); ht.Add(-17496,"hua"); 
            ht.Add(-17487,"huai"); ht.Add(-17482,"huan"); ht.Add(-17468,"huang"); 
            ht.Add(-17454,"hui"); ht.Add(-17433,"hun"); ht.Add(-17427,"huo"); 
            ht.Add(-17417,"ji"); ht.Add(-17202,"jia"); ht.Add(-17185,"jian"); 
            ht.Add(-16983,"jiang"); ht.Add(-16970,"jiao"); ht.Add(-16942,"jie"); 
            ht.Add(-16915,"jin"); ht.Add(-16733,"jing"); ht.Add(-16708,"jiong"); 
            ht.Add(-16706,"jiu"); ht.Add(-16689,"ju"); ht.Add(-16664,"juan"); 
            ht.Add(-16657,"jue"); ht.Add(-16647,"jun"); ht.Add(-16474,"ka"); 
            ht.Add(-16470,"kai"); ht.Add(-16465,"kan"); ht.Add(-16459,"kang"); 
            ht.Add(-16452,"kao"); ht.Add(-16448,"ke"); ht.Add(-16433,"ken"); 
            ht.Add(-16429,"keng"); ht.Add(-16427,"kong"); ht.Add(-16423,"kou"); 
            ht.Add(-16419,"ku"); ht.Add(-16412,"kua"); ht.Add(-16407,"kuai"); 
            ht.Add(-16403,"kuan"); ht.Add(-16401,"kuang"); ht.Add(-16393,"kui"); 
            ht.Add(-16220,"kun"); ht.Add(-16216,"kuo"); ht.Add(-16212,"la"); 
            ht.Add(-16205,"lai"); ht.Add(-16202,"lan"); ht.Add(-16187,"lang"); 
            ht.Add(-16180,"lao"); ht.Add(-16171,"le"); ht.Add(-16169,"lei"); 
            ht.Add(-16158,"leng"); ht.Add(-16155,"li"); ht.Add(-15959,"lia"); 
            ht.Add(-15958,"lian"); ht.Add(-15944,"liang"); ht.Add(-15933,"liao"); 
            ht.Add(-15920,"lie"); ht.Add(-15915,"lin"); ht.Add(-15903,"ling"); 
            ht.Add(-15889,"liu"); ht.Add(-15878,"long"); ht.Add(-15707,"lou");
            ht.Add(-15701,"lu");ht.Add(-15681,"lv");ht.Add(-15667,"luan");
            ht.Add(-15661,"lue");ht.Add(-15659,"lun");ht.Add(-15652,"luo");
            ht.Add(-15640,"ma");ht.Add(-15631,"mai");ht.Add(-15625,"man");
            ht.Add(-15454,"mang");ht.Add(-15448,"mao");ht.Add(-15436,"me");
            ht.Add(-15435,"mei");ht.Add(-15419,"men");ht.Add(-15416,"meng");
            ht.Add(-15408,"mi");ht.Add(-15394,"mian");ht.Add(-15385,"miao");
            ht.Add(-15377,"mie");ht.Add(-15375,"min");ht.Add(-15369,"ming");
            ht.Add(-15363,"miu");ht.Add(-15362,"mo");ht.Add(-15183,"mou");
            ht.Add(-15180,"mu");ht.Add(-15165,"na");ht.Add(-15158,"nai");
            ht.Add(-15153,"nan");ht.Add(-15150,"nang");ht.Add(-15149,"nao");
            ht.Add(-15144,"ne");ht.Add(-15143,"nei");ht.Add(-15141,"nen");
            ht.Add(-15140,"neng");ht.Add(-15139,"ni");ht.Add(-15128,"nian");
            ht.Add(-15121,"niang");ht.Add(-15119,"niao");ht.Add(-15117,"nie");
            ht.Add(-15110,"nin");ht.Add(-15109,"ning");ht.Add(-14941,"niu");
            ht.Add(-14937,"nong");ht.Add(-14933,"nu");ht.Add(-14930,"nv");
            ht.Add(-14929,"nuan");ht.Add(-14928,"nue");ht.Add(-14926,"nuo");
          

Answer 3

  ht.Add(-14922,"o");ht.Add(-14921,"ou");ht.Add(-14914,"pa");
            ht.Add(-14908,"pai");ht.Add(-14902,"pan");ht.Add(-14894,"pang");
            ht.Add(-14889,"pao");ht.Add(-14882,"pei");ht.Add(-14873,"pen");
            ht.Add(-14871,"peng");ht.Add(-14857,"pi");ht.Add(-14678,"pian");
            ht.Add(-14674,"piao");ht.Add(-14670,"pie");ht.Add(-14668,"pin");
            ht.Add(-14663,"ping");ht.Add(-14654,"po");ht.Add(-14645,"pu");
            ht.Add(-14630,"qi");ht.Add(-14594,"qia");ht.Add(-14429,"qian");
            ht.Add(-14407,"qiang");ht.Add(-14399,"qiao");ht.Add(-14384,"qie");
            ht.Add(-14379,"qin");ht.Add(-14368,"qing");ht.Add(-14355,"qiong");
            ht.Add(-14353,"qiu");ht.Add(-14345,"qu");ht.Add(-14170,"quan");
            ht.Add(-14159,"que");ht.Add(-14151,"qun");ht.Add(-14149,"ran");
            ht.Add(-14145,"rang");ht.Add(-14140,"rao");ht.Add(-14137,"re");
            ht.Add(-14135,"ren");ht.Add(-14125,"reng");ht.Add(-14123,"ri");
            ht.Add(-14122,"rong");ht.Add(-14112,"rou");ht.Add(-14109,"ru");
            ht.Add(-14099,"ruan");ht.Add(-14097,"rui");ht.Add(-14094,"run");
            ht.Add(-14092,"ruo");ht.Add(-14090,"sa");ht.Add(-14087,"sai");
            ht.Add(-14083,"san");ht.Add(-13917,"sang");ht.Add(-13914,"sao");
            ht.Add(-13910,"se");ht.Add(-13907,"sen");ht.Add(-13906,"seng");
            ht.Add(-13905,"sha");ht.Add(-13896,"shai");ht.Add(-13894,"shan");
            ht.Add(-13878,"shang");ht.Add(-13870,"shao");ht.Add(-13859,"she");
            ht.Add(-13847,"shen");ht.Add(-13831,"sheng");ht.Add(-13658,"shi");
            ht.Add(-13611,"shou");ht.Add(-13601,"shu");ht.Add(-13406,"shua");
            ht.Add(-13404,"shuai");ht.Add(-13400,"shuan");ht.Add(-13398,"shuang");
            ht.Add(-13395,"shui");ht.Add(-13391,"shun");ht.Add(-13387,"shuo");
            ht.Add(-13383,"si");ht.Add(-13367,"song");ht.Add(-13359,"sou");
            ht.Add(-13356,"su");ht.Add(-13343,"suan");ht.Add(-13340,"sui");
            ht.Add(-13329,"sun");ht.Add(-13326,"suo");ht.Add(-13318,"ta");
            ht.Add(-13147,"tai");ht.Add(-13138,"tan");ht.Add(-13120,"tang");
            ht.Add(-13107,"tao");ht.Add(-13096,"te");ht.Add(-13095,"teng");
            ht.Add(-13091,"ti");ht.Add(-13076,"tian");ht.Add(-13068,"tiao");
            ht.Add(-13063,"tie");ht.Add(-13060,"ting");ht.Add(-12888,"tong");
            ht.Add(-12875,"tou");ht.Add(-12871,"tu");ht.Add(-12860,"tuan");
            ht.Add(-12858,"tui");ht.Add(-12852,"tun");ht.Add(-12849,"tuo");
            ht.Add(-12838,"wa");ht.Add(-12831,"wai");ht.Add(-12829,"wan");
            ht.Add(-12812,"wang");ht.Add(-12802,"wei");ht.Add(-12607,"wen");
            ht.Add(-12597,"weng");ht.Add(-12594,"wo");ht.Add(-12585,"wu");
            ht.Add(-12556,"xi");ht.Add(-12359,"xia");ht.Add(-12346,"xian");
            ht.Add(-12320,"xiang");ht.Add(-12300,"xiao");ht.Add(-12120,"xie");
            ht.Add(-12099,"xin");ht.Add(-12089,"xing");ht.Add(-12074,"xiong");
            ht.Add(-12067,"xiu");ht.Add(-12058,"xu");ht.Add(-12039,"xuan");
            ht.Add(-11867,"xue");ht.Add(-11861,"xun");ht.Add(-11847,"ya");
            ht.Add(-11831,"yan");ht.Add(-11798,"yang");ht.Add(-11781,"yao");
            ht.Add(-11604,"ye");ht.Add(-11589,"yi");ht.Add(-11536,"yin");
            ht.Add(-11358,"ying");ht.Add(-11340,"yo");ht.Add(-11339,"yong");
            ht.Add(-11324,"you");ht.Add(-11303,"yu");ht.Add(-11097,"yuan");
            ht.Add(-11077,"yue");ht.Add(-11067,"yun");ht.Add(-11055,"za");
            ht.Add(-11052,"zai");ht.Add(-11045,"zan");ht.Add(-11041,"zang");
            ht.Add(-11038,"zao");ht.Add(-11024,"ze");ht.Add(-11020,"zei");
            ht.Add(-11019,"zen");ht.Add(-11018,"zeng");ht.Add(-11014,"zha");
            ht.Add(-10838,"zhai");ht.Add(-10832,"zhan");ht.Add(-10815,"zhang");
            ht.Add(-10800,"zhao");ht.Add(-10790,"zhe");ht.Add(-10780,"zhen");
            ht.Add(-10764,"zheng");ht.Add(-10587,"zhi");ht.Add(-10544,"zhong");
            ht.Add(-10533,"zhou");ht.Add(-10519,"zhu");ht.Add(-10331,"zhua");
            ht.Add(-10329,"zhuai");ht.Add(-10328,"zhuan");ht.Add(-10322,"zhuang");
            ht.Add(-10315,"zhui");ht.Add(-10309,"zhun");ht.Add(-10307,"zhuo");
            ht.Add(-10296,"zi");ht.Add(-10281,"zong");ht.Add(-10274,"zou");
            ht.Add(-10270,"zu");ht.Add(-10262,"zuan");ht.Add(-10260,"zui");
            ht.Add(-10256,"zun");ht.Add(-10254,"zuo");ht.Add(-10247,"zz");
            return ht;
        }
    
    }
    # endregion

Answer 4

先解决汉字转拼音的问题可以使用微软提供的类库 Microsoft Visual Studio International Pack 1.0
下载地址：http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=44CAC7F0-633B-477D-AED2-99AEE642FC10&displaylang=zh-cn功能：
汉字转换成拼音（有声调），列出所有拼音，包括多音字
同音字：可以列出某个汉字的所有同音字
拼音转汉字：列出某个拼音的所有汉字
汉字的笔画：可以列出某个汉字的笔画，或者根据指定笔画，找出所有汉字
可以简繁体转换下载安装一下就可以了，发布的时候带上这个类库就行了
分词一时半会没有好方案

Answer 5

今天也遇到同样的算法，找到了一篇国外的文章，希望对你用帮助
Levenshtein 
http://www.35hunan.com/Portals/cgNs/News/20100106/News_4807.htm

Answer 6

ls貌似是较好的办法了，xiexie