我看的书上的例子使用struts2.0.11 要求只加载 
commons-logging-1.0.4.jar 
freeer-2.3.8.jar 
ognl-2.6.11.jar 
struts2-core-2.0.11.jar 
xwork-2.0.4.jar 
(HelloWorld实例) 我下载的是struts2.1.6版本,按照书上的写了一个HelloWorld……Tomcat部署的时候出现以下错误: 
严重: Exception starting filter struts2  下面是Tomcat 错误:
Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/D:/Program%20Files/Apache%20Software%20Foundation/Tomcat%206.0/webapps/demo/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.0.11.jar!/struts-default.xml:36:148
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:58)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:395)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:452)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.java:201)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:275)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:397)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:108)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3696)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4343)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:791)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:771)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:525)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:920)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:883)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:492)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1138)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:311)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1053)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:719)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:516)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:566)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
Caused by: Unable to load bean: type:com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ObjectTypeDeterminer class:com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.GenericsObjectTypeDeterminer - bean - jar:file:/D:/Program%20Files/Apache%20Software%20Foundation/Tomcat%206.0/webapps/demo/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.0.11.jar!/struts-default.xml:36:148
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:222)
at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:101)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:165)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:55)
... 30 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.GenericsObjectTypeDeterminer
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1358)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1204)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ClassLoaderUtil.loadClass(ClassLoaderUtil.java:146)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:193)
... 33 more
2009-9-30 11:08:29 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Error filterStart
2009-9-30 11:08:29 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Context [/demo] startup failed due to previous errors
2009-9-30 11:08:29 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger info
信息: Parsing configuration file [struts-default.xml]
2009-9-30 11:08:29 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext filterStart
严重: Exception starting filter struts2
Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/D:/Program%20Files/Apache%20Software%20Foundation/Tomcat%206.0/webapps/struts2/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.0.11.jar!/struts-default.xml:36:148
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:58)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:395)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:452)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.java:201)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:275)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:397)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:108)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3696)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4343)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:791)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:771)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:525)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:920)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:883)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:492)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1138)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:311)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1053)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:719)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:516)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:566)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
Caused by: Unable to load bean: type:com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ObjectTypeDeterminer class:com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.GenericsObjectTypeDeterminer - bean - jar:file:/D:/Program%20Files/Apache%20Software%20Foundation/Tomcat%206.0/webapps/struts2/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.0.11.jar!/struts-default.xml:36:148
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:222)
at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:101)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:165)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:55)
... 30 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.GenericsObjectTypeDeterminer
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1358)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1204)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ClassLoaderUtil.loadClass(ClassLoaderUtil.java:146)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:193)
... 33 more
2009-9-30 11:08:29 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Error filterStart
2009-9-30 11:08:29 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Context [/struts2] startup failed due to previous errors
2009-9-30 11:08:30 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol start
信息: Starting Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-9090
2009-9-30 11:08:30 org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpAprProtocol start
信息: Starting Coyote AJP/1.3 on ajp-8009
2009-9-30 11:08:30 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 1562 ms
        …… 然后访问的时候报404错误(Tomcat的webapps目录下可以看得到所有的文件) 
俺不知道是怎么回事了,struts.xml的内容如下: 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC 
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1//EN" 
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.dtd"> <struts> 
<package name="Struts2" extends="struts-default"> 
<action name="HelloWorld" class="ch2.helloworld.HelloWorld"> 
<result name="success">/ch2/helloworld/success.jsp </result> 
<result name="error">/ch2/helloworld/error.jsp </result> 
</action> 
</package> 
</struts> 难道2.0和2.1有较大的差别,还是其他问题?