求解答：struts2入门的HelloWorld报错！

今日，初学struts2。在网上找了个struts2的入门Helloworld。配置如下：
1：包是全引入2：web.xml如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_9" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<display-name>tutorial</display-name>
  <filter>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>3.struts.xml如下
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<include file="struts-default.xml"/>
         <package name="tutorial" extends="struts-default">
<action name="HelloWorld" class="tutorial.HelloWorld">
<result>/HelloWorld.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>4：Helloworld.java如下：
package tutorial;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;public class HelloWorld extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String message;
    public String execute() {
     message = "Hello, " + message + "!";
        return SUCCESS;
    }
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
}5：两个页面只给body：
请求页面：
<body>
        <h3>Say "Hello" to: </h3>
        <s:form action="HelloWorld">
            Name: <s:textfield name="message" />
            <s:submit />
        </s:form>
    </body>返回页面：
<body>
<h2>
<s:property value="message" />
</h2>
</body>tomcat使用的是apache-tomcat-6.0.26
问题来了：启动tomcat，直接报错：严重: ********** FATAL ERROR STARTING UP STRUTS-SPRING INTEGRATION **********
Looks like the Spring listener was not configured for your web app!
Nothing will work until WebApplicationContextUtils returns a valid ApplicationContext.
You might need to add the following to web.xml:
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
2010-7-6 17:43:30 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger error
严重: Dispatcher initialization failed
java.lang.NullPointerException
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory.getClassInstance(SpringObjectFactory.java:209)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.verifyResultType(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:519)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.addResultTypes(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:490)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.addPackage(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:446)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:264)
at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:111)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:193)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:55)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:374)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:418)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.java:190)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:295)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:422)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:115)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3838)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4488)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:791)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:771)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:546)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1041)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:964)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:502)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1277)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:321)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1053)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:785)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:519)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:581)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414)
说是什么spring文件初始化不了。
然后我按照上述提示，添加了
<listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>重启tomcat，就报了一个找不到spring的applicationcontext.xml文件的错误。
求高人指点

解决方案 »

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Looks like the Spring listener was not configured for your web app!
Nothing will work until WebApplicationContextUtils returns a valid ApplicationContext.
You might need to add the following to web.xml:
  <listener>
  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>你的测试用了Spring？它提示你没有在web.xml里面配置监听啊...
tomcat是新下载的。
项目是一个裸项目，什么都没有。
jdk是1.6
我什么都发出来的了……
启动bug
struts2-spring-plugin-2.1.6.jar这个包没有用到,删掉这个jar
增加了这个jar包后,服务器启动的时候会自动的监听
我刚刚删除了这个jar，不过报的错又变了：
Actual exception
Unable to instantiate an instance of Interceptor class [org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor]. - Class: java.lang.Class
File: Class.java
Method: newInstance0
Line: 340 - java/lang/Class.java:340:-1
at org.apache.struts2.plexus.PlexusObjectFactory.buildInterceptor(PlexusObjectFactory.java:173)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.InterceptorBuilder.constructInterceptorReference(InterceptorBuilder.java:59)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.lookupInterceptorReference(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:987)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadInterceptorStack(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:806)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadInterceptorStacks(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:819)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadInterceptors(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:842)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.addPackage(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:449)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:264)
at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:111)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:193)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:55)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:374)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:418)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.java:190)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:295)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:422)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:115)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3838)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4488)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:791)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:771)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:546)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1041)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:964)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:502)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1277)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:321)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1053)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:785)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:519)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:581)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414)
创建某个拦截器的时候出错了又.  估计是把什么包删掉了又配置了这个拦截器的原因!
但是我不太明白你为什么找例子非要去网上找呢?
struts2下回来的包的apps里面现成的例子, war包源码都都.! 官方的东西还是最可靠的.! 把里面的一些配置搬过去不就ok了吗.?
问题已经解决了，网上找了资料。
全部包都引入是个错误，只需要简单的6个包！就足够了。
本来，网上几乎所有资料都说，需要5个基本包。
我也尝试过仅仅导入5个包。发现是不行的。
事实上的确是6个，不是5个。
网上资料如下：Struts2.1.x终于推出正式版了，下载后按照Struts 2.0.14版进行配置，抛出异常说无法装载 (org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequest)，异常信息提示摘不到 org.apache.commons.fileupload.RequestContext类，搜索struts2.1.6带的所有jar包，发现RequestContext类并不在struts2-core-2.1.6.jar 中，在commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar包中，之前struts2.0.14并不需要此包，只有在要用到上传组件的时候才需要。可能是struts2.1.6对文件上传功能的改进。因此要想正常使用struts2.1.6，至少需要如下6 个jar包：
struts2-core-2.1.6.jar
freeer-2.3.13.jar
commons-logging-1.0.4.jar
ognl-2.6.11.jar
xwork-2.1.2.jar
commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar
对，我也发生过像lz一样的问题，struts2-spring-plugin-2.1.6.jar是不用导入的，只需导入必要的几个包就行了~~
lz加油~~