做了一个简单的SSH应用，但启动tomcat时总抛NoClassDefFoundError异常。

Question

1.web.xml  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>   
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"    
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="2.4"    
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">   
    <context-param>   
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>   
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext.xml</param-value>   
    </context-param>   
    <resource-ref>   
        <description>SqlServer Datasource example</description>   
        <res-ref-name>jdbc/StudentManager</res-ref-name>   
        <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>   
        <res-auth>Container</res-auth>   
    </resource-ref>   
    <filter>   
        <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>   
        <filter-class>    
            org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter    
            </filter-class>   
        <init-param>   
            <param-name>singleSession</param-name>   
            <param-value>true</param-value>   
        </init-param>   
    </filter>   
    <filter-mapping>   
        <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>   
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>   
    </filter-mapping>   
    <servlet>   
        <servlet-name>SpringContextServlet</servlet-name>   
        <servlet-class>   
            org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderServlet</servlet-class>   
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>   
    </servlet>   
    <servlet>   
        <servlet-name>SpringLog4jConfigServlet</servlet-name>   
        <servlet-class>   
            org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigServlet   
        </servlet-class>   
    </servlet>   
    <servlet>   
        <servlet-name>web</servlet-name>   
        <servlet-class>   
            org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet   
        </servlet-class>   
    </servlet>   
    <servlet>   
        <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>   
        <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>   
        <init-param>   
            <param-name>config</param-name>   
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>   
        </init-param>   
        <init-param>   
            <param-name>debug</param-name>   
            <param-value>2</param-value>   
        </init-param>   
        <init-param>   
            <param-name>detail</param-name>   
            <param-value>2</param-value>   
        </init-param>   
        <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>   
    </servlet>   
    <servlet-mapping>   
        <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>   
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>   
    </servlet-mapping>   
    <welcome-file-list>   
        <welcome-file>/WEB-INF/jsp/index.jsp</welcome-file>   
    </welcome-file-list>   
    <taglib>   
        <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-uri>   
        <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>   
    </taglib>   
    <taglib>   
        <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-uri>   
        <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>   
    </taglib>   
    <taglib>   
        <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-uri>   
        <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>   
    </taglib>   
    <taglib>   
        <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-uri>   
        <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location>   
    </taglib>   
</web-app>  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" 
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="2.4" 
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<resource-ref>
<description>SqlServer Datasource example</description>
<res-ref-name>jdbc/StudentManager</res-ref-name>
<res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
<res-auth>Container</res-auth>
</resource-ref>
<filter>
<filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class> 
org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter 
</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>singleSession</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringContextServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringLog4jConfigServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigServlet
</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>web</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>detail</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>/WEB-INF/jsp/index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
</web-app>
 

Answer 1

2.struts-config.xml 
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>   
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC   
          "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.1//EN"  
          "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd">   
<struts-config>   
    <data-sources />   
    <form-beans>   
        <form-bean name="people" type="domain.People"></form-bean>   
    </form-beans>   
    <global-exceptions />   
    <global-forwards />   
    <action-mappings>   
        <action path="/savePeople" name="people" type="action.SavePeopleAction" scope="session" parameter="method">   
            <forward name="success" path="/listPeople.do"></forward>   
        </action>   
        <action path="/listPeople" name="people" type="action.ListPeopleAction">   
            <forward name="success" path="/studentList.jsp"></forward>   
        </action>   
        <action path="/deletePeople" name="people"    
            type="action.DeletePeopleAction">   
            <forward name="success" path="/studentList.jsp"></forward>   
        </action>   
        <action path="/editPeople" name="people" type="action.EditPeopleAction">   
            <forward name="success" path="/editStudent.jsp"></forward>   
        </action>   
        <action path="/editPeopleDo" name="people"    
            type="action.EditPeopleActionDo">   
            <forward name="success" path="/studentList.jsp"></forward>   
        </action>   
        <action path="/searchPeople" name="people"    
            type="action.SearchPeopleAction">   
            <forward name="success" path="/searchList.jsp"></forward>   
        </action>   
        <action path="/test" name="people" type="action.Test"></action>   
    </action-mappings>   
    <controller locale="true" />   
    <message-resources parameter="" />   
    <!--   
    <plug-in className="org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn">   
        <set-property property="contextConfigLocation"    
            value="/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml" />   
    </plug-in>   
    -->   
</struts-config>  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
          "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.1//EN"
          "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd">
<struts-config>
<data-sources />
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="people" type="domain.People"></form-bean>
</form-beans>
<global-exceptions />
<global-forwards />
<action-mappings>
<action path="/savePeople" name="people" type="action.SavePeopleAction" scope="session" parameter="method">
<forward name="success" path="/listPeople.do"></forward>
</action>
<action path="/listPeople" name="people" type="action.ListPeopleAction">
<forward name="success" path="/studentList.jsp"></forward>
</action>
<action path="/deletePeople" name="people" 
type="action.DeletePeopleAction">
<forward name="success" path="/studentList.jsp"></forward>
</action>
<action path="/editPeople" name="people" type="action.EditPeopleAction">
<forward name="success" path="/editStudent.jsp"></forward>
</action>
<action path="/editPeopleDo" name="people" 
type="action.EditPeopleActionDo">
<forward name="success" path="/studentList.jsp"></forward>
</action>
<action path="/searchPeople" name="people" 
type="action.SearchPeopleAction">
<forward name="success" path="/searchList.jsp"></forward>
</action>
<action path="/test" name="people" type="action.Test"></action>
</action-mappings>
<controller locale="true" />
<message-resources parameter="" />
<!--
<plug-in className="org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn">
<set-property property="contextConfigLocation" 
value="/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml" />
</plug-in>
-->
</struts-config>

Answer 2

3.applicationContext.xml 
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>   
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"    
    "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">   
<beans>   
    <!--Struts Infomation-->   
    <bean id="transactionManager"    
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" depends-on="sessionFactory">   
        <property name="sessionFactory">   
            <ref bean="sessionFactory"/>   
        </property>   
    </bean>   
    <bean id="studentManager"    
        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">   
        <property name="transactionManager">   
            <ref bean="transactionManager"></ref>   
        </property>   
        <property name="target">   
            <bean class="service.StudentManagerImpl">   
                <property name="studentDAO">   
                    <ref bean="StudentDAO"/>   
                </property>   
            </bean>   
        </property>   
        <property name="transactionAttributes">   
            <props>   
                <prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>   
                <prop key="list*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>   
                <prop key="delete*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>   
                <prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>   
                <prop key="edit*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>   
                <prop key="search*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>   
            </props>   
        </property>   
        <property name="proxyTargetClass">   
            <value>true</value>   
        </property>   
    </bean>   
       
    <!--Hibernate Infomation-->   
    <bean id="dataSource"    
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">   
        <property name="driverClassName">   
            <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>   
        </property>   
        <property name="url">   
            <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dbjee</value>   
        </property>   
        <property name="username">   
            <value>root</value>   
        </property>   
        <property name="password">   
            <value>123456</value>   
        </property>   
    </bean>   
    <!--   
    <bean id="TransactionManager"    
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">   
        <property name="dataSource">   
            <ref bean="dataSource"/>   
        </property>   
    </bean>   
    -->   
    <bean id="sessionFactory"    
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">   
        <property name="dataSource">   
            <ref local="dataSource" />   
        </property>   
        <property name="hibernateProperties">   
            <props>   
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>   
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>   
                <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">true</prop>   
                <prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_class">    
                    org.hibernate.cache.HashtableCacheProvider</prop>   
            </props>   
        </property>   
        <!--     
        <property name="mappingDirectoryLocations">   
            <list>   
                <value>classpath:/domain</value>   
            </list>   
        </property>-->   
        <property name="mappingResources">   
            <list>   
                <value>domain/People.hbm.xml</value>   
            </list>   
        </property>   
    </bean>   
    <bean id="StudentDAO" class="dao.StudentDAOImpl">   
        <property name="sessionFactory">   
            <ref local="sessionFactory" />   
        </property>   
    </bean>   
</beans>  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" 
"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<!--Struts Infomation-->
<bean id="transactionManager" 
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" depends-on="sessionFactory">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref bean="sessionFactory"/>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="studentManager" 
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
<property name="transactionManager">
<ref bean="transactionManager"></ref>
</property>
<property name="target">
<bean class="service.StudentManagerImpl">
<property name="studentDAO">
<ref bean="StudentDAO"/>
</property>
</bean>
</property>
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="list*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="delete*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="edit*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="search*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
<property name="proxyTargetClass">
<value>true</value>
</property>
</bean>

<!--Hibernate Infomation-->
<bean id="dataSource" 
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName">
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property name="url">
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dbjee</value>
</property>
<property name="username">
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property name="password">
<value>123456</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!--
<bean id="TransactionManager" 
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource">
<ref bean="dataSource"/>
</property>
</bean>
-->
<bean id="sessionFactory" 
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource">
<ref local="dataSource" />
</property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_class"> 
org.hibernate.cache.HashtableCacheProvider</prop>
</props>
</property>
<!--  
        <property name="mappingDirectoryLocations">
            <list>
                <value>classpath:/domain</value>
            </list>
        </property>-->
<property name="mappingResources">
<list>
<value>domain/People.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="StudentDAO" class="dao.StudentDAOImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref local="sessionFactory" />
</property>
</bean>
</beans>

Answer 3

4.People.hbm.xml 
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>   
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"    
    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">   
<!--    
    Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse - Hibernate Tools   
-->   
<hibernate-mapping package="domain">   
    <class name="People" table="people" >   
        <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">   
            <column name="id" />   
            <generator class="increment"></generator>   
        </id>   
        <property name="name" type="java.lang.String">   
            <column name="name" length="100" />   
        </property>   
        <property name="location" type="java.lang.String">   
            <column name="location" length="100" />   
        </property>   
    </class>   
</hibernate-mapping>  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" 
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- 
    Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse - Hibernate Tools
-->
<hibernate-mapping package="domain">
<class name="People" table="people" >
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="id" />
<generator class="increment"></generator>
</id>
<property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="name" length="100" />
</property>
<property name="location" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="location" length="100" />
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
附件里是我引入的jar包。 
希望各位能帮帮忙，困扰我2天，一直出不来。 

Answer 4

最后把启动Tomcat时报的错误也贴出来。 
 严重: Context initialization failed   
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext.xml]: Instantiation of bean failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/transaction/TransactionManager   
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/transaction/TransactionManager   
    at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method)   
    at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Unknown Source)   
    at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods(Unknown Source)   
    at java.beans.Introspector$1.run(Unknown Source)   
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)   
    at java.beans.Introspector.getPublicDeclaredMethods(Unknown Source)   
    at java.beans.Introspector.getTargetMethodInfo(Unknown Source)   
    at java.beans.Introspector.getBeanInfo(Unknown Source)   
    at java.beans.Introspector.getBeanInfo(Unknown Source)   
    at org.springframework.beans.CachedIntrospectionResults.<init>(CachedIntrospectionResults.java:149)   
    at org.springframework.beans.CachedIntrospectionResults.forClass(CachedIntrospectionResults.java:85)   
    at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.setIntrospectionClass(BeanWrapperImpl.java:234)   
    at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.setWrappedInstance(BeanWrapperImpl.java:192)   
    at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.setWrappedInstance(BeanWrapperImpl.java:176)   
    at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.<init>(BeanWrapperImpl.java:129)   
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:491)   
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:366)   
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:234)   
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:144)   
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:330)   
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:234)   
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:144)   
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:283)   
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:321)   
    at org.springframework.web.context.support.AbstractRefreshableWebApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractRefreshableWebApplicationContext.java:139)   
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:252)   
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:190)   
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderServlet.init(ContextLoaderServlet.java:83)   
    at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:212)   
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1139)   
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:966)   
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:3956)   
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4230)   
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:760)   
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:740)   
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:544)   
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:626)   
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptors(HostConfig.java:553)   

Answer 5

javax/transaction/TransactionManager  少了JAR包~JTA.JAR

Answer 6

放入jta.jar就行了，找找吧，spring里面应该有，要不就是Hibernate里面有

Answer 7

你不坊这样, 在你的代码中定义一个TransactionManager, 看能不能import这个类, 要是不行, 就是缺少包. 

Answer 8

 严重: Context initialization failed   
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext.xml]: Instantiation of bean failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/transaction/TransactionManager   
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/transaction/TransactionManager检查错误是一个漫长的过程，当然，楼主做到了ssh，说实话，我现在最多可以说我能够做出struts+spring，队hibernate没有太多的信心，虽然我很想用它的数据处理能力，试验了好久，还是有点心有余，可能没有一心一意的做吧，不过还是了解不少！
第一，可能楼主缺少了包，或者是包冲突，
其次，楼主配置可能有问题，具体的，找找，
最后说说，你这个做好了，程序都没有问题，因为还运行不了吧，所以都是前期工作还有问题，所以检查一下过程中少了什么东西。

Answer 9

你不坊这样, 在你的代码中定义一个TransactionManager, 看能不能import这个类, 要是不行, 就是缺少包.