按照视频教程例子写了项目，但是启动服务和运行都报错，找半天不知道错哪里，还请高手指点，谢谢
服务启动时报错如下：ERROR - ContextLoaderPlugIn.init(229) | Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name '/guestbook' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/action-servlet.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'guestbookManager' while setting bean property 'guestbookManager'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'guestbookManager' is defined
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'guestbookManager' is defined
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:360)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getMergedBeanDefinition(AbstractBeanFactory.java:686)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:219)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:145)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:186)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:106)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1046)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:857)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:378)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:233)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:145)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:283)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:313)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.AbstractRefreshableWebApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractRefreshableWebApplicationContext.java:139)
at org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn.createWebApplicationContext(ContextLoaderPlugIn.java:353)
at org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoaderPlugIn.java:296)
at org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn.init(ContextLoaderPlugIn.java:225)
at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.initModulePlugIns(ActionServlet.java:869)
at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.init(ActionServlet.java:336)
at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:211)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1044)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:876)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:4017)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4337)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:823)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:807)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:595)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostDeployer.install(StandardHostDeployer.java:277)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.install(StandardHost.java:832)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:701)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:432)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:983)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:349)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1091)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:789)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1083)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:478)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:480)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:2313)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:556)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:287)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:425)
2008-8-22 16:17:40 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostDeployer install
信息: Installing web application at context path /jsp-examples from URL file:D:\Tomcat 5.0\webapps\jsp-examples
2008-8-22 16:17:40 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostDeployer install
信息: Installing web application at context path from URL file:D:\Tomcat 5.0\webapps\ROOT
2008-8-22 16:17:40 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostDeployer install
信息: Installing web application at context path /servlets-examples from URL file:D:\Tomcat 5.0\webapps\servlets-examples
2008-8-22 16:17:41 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostDeployer install
信息: Installing web application at context path /tomcat-docs from URL file:D:\Tomcat 5.0\webapps\tomcat-docs
2008-8-22 16:17:41 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostDeployer install
信息: Installing web application at context path /webdav from URL file:D:\Tomcat 5.0\webapps\webdav
2008-8-22 16:17:41 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol start
信息: Starting Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080
2008-8-22 16:17:42 org.apache.jk.common.ChannelSocket init
信息: JK2: ajp13 listening on /0.0.0.0:8009
2008-8-22 16:17:42 org.apache.jk.server.JkMain start
信息: Jk running ID=0 time=0/79 config=D:\Tomcat 5.0\conf\jk2.properties
2008-8-22 16:17:42 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 16281 ms
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/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
服务启动时报错如下：ERROR - ContextLoaderPlugIn.init(229) | Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name '/guestbook' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/action-servlet.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'guestbookManager' while setting bean property 'guestbookManager'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'guestbookManager' is defined
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'guestbookManager' is defined
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:360)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getMergedBeanDefinition(AbstractBeanFactory.java:686)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:219)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:145)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:186)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:106)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1046)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:857)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:378)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:233)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:145)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:283)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:313)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.AbstractRefreshableWebApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractRefreshableWebApplicationContext.java:139)
at org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn.createWebApplicationContext(ContextLoaderPlugIn.java:353)
at org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoaderPlugIn.java:296)
at org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn.init(ContextLoaderPlugIn.java:225)
at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.initModulePlugIns(ActionServlet.java:869)
at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.init(ActionServlet.java:336)
at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:211)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1044)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:876)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:4017)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4337)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:823)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:807)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:595)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostDeployer.install(StandardHostDeployer.java:277)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.install(StandardHost.java:832)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:701)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:432)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:983)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:349)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1091)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:789)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1083)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:478)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:480)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:2313)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:556)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:287)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:425)
2008-8-22 16:17:40 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostDeployer install
信息: Installing web application at context path /jsp-examples from URL file:D:\Tomcat 5.0\webapps\jsp-examples
2008-8-22 16:17:40 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostDeployer install
信息: Installing web application at context path from URL file:D:\Tomcat 5.0\webapps\ROOT
2008-8-22 16:17:40 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostDeployer install
信息: Installing web application at context path /servlets-examples from URL file:D:\Tomcat 5.0\webapps\servlets-examples
2008-8-22 16:17:41 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostDeployer install
信息: Installing web application at context path /tomcat-docs from URL file:D:\Tomcat 5.0\webapps\tomcat-docs
2008-8-22 16:17:41 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostDeployer install
信息: Installing web application at context path /webdav from URL file:D:\Tomcat 5.0\webapps\webdav
2008-8-22 16:17:41 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol start
信息: Starting Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080
2008-8-22 16:17:42 org.apache.jk.common.ChannelSocket init
信息: JK2: ajp13 listening on /0.0.0.0:8009
2008-8-22 16:17:42 org.apache.jk.server.JkMain start
信息: Jk running ID=0 time=0/79 config=D:\Tomcat 5.0\conf\jk2.properties
2008-8-22 16:17:42 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 16281 ms
、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"
"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"><beans>
<bean name="/guestbook"
class="com.sprt.guestbook.web.action.GuestbookAction" abstract="false"
lazy-init="default" autowire="default"
dependency-check="default">
<property name="guestbookManager">
<ref bean="guestbookManager" />
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
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//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
文件applicationContext.xml如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"
"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"><beans> <bean id="dataSource"
class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName">
<value>com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver</value>
</property>
<property name="url">
<value>
jdbc:sqlserver://192.168.10.37:1433;databaseName=mal
</value>
</property>
<property name="username">
<value>SA</value>
</property>
<property name="password">
<value>123456</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" value="dataSource">
</property>
<property name="mappingResources">
<list>
<value>com/sprt/guestbook/model/Guestbook.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="guestbookDao"
class="com.sprt.guestbook.dao.hibernate.GuestbookDaoHibernate">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref bean="sessionFactory" />
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="guestbookManager"
class="com.sprt.guestbook.service.impl.GuestbookManagerImpl">
<property name="guestbookDao">
<ref bean="guestbookDao" />
</property>
</bean></beans>
HTTP Status 404 - Servlet action is not available--------------------------------------------------------------------------------type Status reportmessage Servlet action is not availabledescription The requested resource (Servlet action is not available) is not available.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Apache Tomcat/5.0.30
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
文件struts-config.xml如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd"><struts-config>
<data-sources />
<form-beans >
<form-bean name="guestbookForm" type="org.apache.struts.validator.DynaValidatorForm">
<form-property name="title" type="java.lang.String" />
<form-property name="content" type="java.lang.String" />
<form-property name="url" type="java.lang.String" />
<form-property name="email" type="java.lang.String" />
<form-property name="name" type="java.lang.String" />
</form-bean> </form-beans> <global-exceptions />
<global-forwards>
<forward name="view" path="/display.jsp" />
<forward name="edit" path="/edit.jsp" />
</global-forwards>
<action-mappings >
<action
attribute="guestbookForm"
input="/input.jsp"
name="guestbookForm"
parameter="method"
path="/guestbook"
scope="request"
type="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingActionProxy" validate="false">
<forward name="view" path="/display.jsp"/>
<forward name="edit" path="/edit.jsp" />
</action>
</action-mappings><message-resources parameter="com.sprt.guestbook.web.ApplicationResources" />
<plug-in className="org.apache.struts.validator.ValidatorPlugIn">
<set-property property="pathnames" value="/WEB-INF/validator-rules.xml,/WEB-INF/validations.xml" />
</plug-in>
<plug-in className="org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn">
<set-property property="contextConfigLocation" value="/WEB-INF/action-servlet.xml" />
</plug-in>
</struts-config>