数据表#t的数据如下
feild1 feild2
1 a
1 b2 j
2 g3 c
3 k
想要得到的查询显示如下
feild1 feild2
1 a,b
2 j,g
3 c,k
这个查询能否实现?能实现的话该怎么写SQL语句
feild1 feild2
1 a
1 b2 j
2 g3 c
3 k
想要得到的查询显示如下
feild1 feild2
1 a,b
2 j,g
3 c,k
这个查询能否实现?能实现的话该怎么写SQL语句
原著:邹建
改编:爱新觉罗.毓华(十八年风雨,守得冰山雪莲花开) 2007-12-16 广东深圳表结构,数据如下:
id value
----- ------
1 aa
1 bb
2 aaa
2 bbb
2 ccc需要得到结果:
id values
------ -----------
1 aa,bb
2 aaa,bbb,ccc
即:group by id, 求 value 的和(字符串相加)1. 旧的解决方法(在sql server 2000中只能用函数解决。)
--1. 创建处理函数
create table tb(id int, value varchar(10))
insert into tb values(1, 'aa')
insert into tb values(1, 'bb')
insert into tb values(2, 'aaa')
insert into tb values(2, 'bbb')
insert into tb values(2, 'ccc')
goCREATE FUNCTION dbo.f_str(@id int)
RETURNS varchar(8000)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @r varchar(8000)
SET @r = ''
SELECT @r = @r + ',' + value FROM tb WHERE id=@id
RETURN STUFF(@r, 1, 1, '')
END
GO-- 调用函数
SELECt id, value = dbo.f_str(id) FROM tb GROUP BY iddrop table tb
drop function dbo.f_str/*
id value
----------- -----------
1 aa,bb
2 aaa,bbb,ccc
(所影响的行数为 2 行)
*/--2、另外一种函数.
create table tb(id int, value varchar(10))
insert into tb values(1, 'aa')
insert into tb values(1, 'bb')
insert into tb values(2, 'aaa')
insert into tb values(2, 'bbb')
insert into tb values(2, 'ccc')
go--创建一个合并的函数
create function f_hb(@id int)
returns varchar(8000)
as
begin
declare @str varchar(8000)
set @str = ''
select @str = @str + ',' + cast(value as varchar) from tb where id = @id
set @str = right(@str , len(@str) - 1)
return(@str)
End
go--调用自定义函数得到结果:
select distinct id ,dbo.f_hb(id) as value from tbdrop table tb
drop function dbo.f_hb/*
id value
----------- -----------
1 aa,bb
2 aaa,bbb,ccc
(所影响的行数为 2 行)
*/2. 新的解决方法(在sql server 2005中用OUTER APPLY等解决。)
create table tb(id int, value varchar(10))
insert into tb values(1, 'aa')
insert into tb values(1, 'bb')
insert into tb values(2, 'aaa')
insert into tb values(2, 'bbb')
insert into tb values(2, 'ccc')
go
-- 查询处理
SELECT * FROM(SELECT DISTINCT id FROM tb)A OUTER APPLY(
SELECT [values]= STUFF(REPLACE(REPLACE(
(
SELECT value FROM tb N
WHERE id = A.id
FOR XML AUTO
), '<N value="', ','), '"/>', ''), 1, 1, '')
)N
drop table tb/*
id values
----------- -----------
1 aa,bb
2 aaa,bbb,ccc(2 行受影响)
*/--SQL2005中的方法2
create table tb(id int, value varchar(10))
insert into tb values(1, 'aa')
insert into tb values(1, 'bb')
insert into tb values(2, 'aaa')
insert into tb values(2, 'bbb')
insert into tb values(2, 'ccc')
goselect id, [values]=stuff((select ','+[value] from tb t where id=tb.id for xml path('')), 1, 1, '')
from tb
group by id/*
id values
----------- --------------------
1 aa,bb
2 aaa,bbb,ccc(2 row(s) affected)*/drop table tb
无论是在sql 2000,还是在 sql 2005 中,都没有提供字符串的聚合函数,
所以,当我们在处理下列要求时,会比较麻烦:
有表tb, 如下:
id value
----- ------
1 aa
1 bb
2 aaa
2 bbb
2 ccc
需要得到结果:
id values
------ -----------
1 aa,bb
2 aaa,bbb,ccc
即, group by id, 求 value 的和(字符串相加)1. 旧的解决方法-- 1. 创建处理函数
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.f_str(@id int)
RETURNS varchar(8000)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @r varchar(8000)
SET @r = ''
SELECT @r = @r + ',' + value
FROM tb
WHERE id=@id
RETURN STUFF(@r, 1, 1, '')
END
GO
-- 调用函数SELECt id, values=dbo.f_str(id)
FROM tb
GROUP BY id-- 2. 新的解决方法
-- 示例数据
DECLARE @t TABLE(id int, value varchar(10))
INSERT @t SELECT 1, 'aa'
UNION ALL SELECT 1, 'bb'
UNION ALL SELECT 2, 'aaa'
UNION ALL SELECT 2, 'bbb'
UNION ALL SELECT 2, 'ccc'-- 查询处理
SELECT *
FROM(
SELECT DISTINCT
id
FROM @t
)A
OUTER APPLY(
SELECT
[values]= STUFF(REPLACE(REPLACE(
(
SELECT value FROM @t N
WHERE id = A.id
FOR XML AUTO
), '<N value="', ','), '"/>', ''), 1, 1, '')
)N/*--结果
id values
----------- ----------------
1 aa,bb
2 aaa,bbb,ccc
(2 行受影响)
--*/CSDN 社区帖子地址 附: 合并与分拆的CLR, sql2005的示例中有:
在安装sql 2005的示例后,默认安装目录为
drive:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Samples\Engine\Programmability\CLR\StringUtilities中
--处理的数据
CREATE TABLE tb(col1 varchar(10),col2 int)
INSERT tb SELECT 'a',1
UNION ALL SELECT 'a',2
UNION ALL SELECT 'b',1
UNION ALL SELECT 'b',2
UNION ALL SELECT 'b',3--合并处理
--定义结果集表变量
DECLARE @t TABLE(col1 varchar(10),col2 varchar(100))--定义游标并进行合并处理
DECLARE tb CURSOR LOCAL
FOR
SELECT col1,col2 FROM tb ORDER BY col1,col2
DECLARE @col1_old varchar(10),@col1 varchar(10),@col2 int,@s varchar(100)
OPEN tb
FETCH tb INTO @col1,@col2
SELECT @col1_old=@col1,@s=''
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
IF @col1=@col1_old
SELECT @s=@s+','+CAST(@col2 as varchar)
ELSE
BEGIN
INSERT @t VALUES(@col1_old,STUFF(@s,1,1,''))
SELECT @s=','+CAST(@col2 as varchar),@col1_old=@col1
END
FETCH tb INTO @col1,@col2
END
INSERT @t VALUES(@col1_old,STUFF(@s,1,1,''))
CLOSE tb
DEALLOCATE tb
--显示结果并删除测试数据
SELECT * FROM @t
DROP TABLE tb
/*--结果
col1 col2
---------- -----------
a 1,2
b 1,2,3
--*/
GO
/*==============================================*/
--3.3.2 使用用户定义函数,配合SELECT处理完成字符串合并处理的示例
--处理的数据
CREATE TABLE tb(col1 varchar(10),col2 int)
INSERT tb SELECT 'a',1
UNION ALL SELECT 'a',2
UNION ALL SELECT 'b',1
UNION ALL SELECT 'b',2
UNION ALL SELECT 'b',3
GO--合并处理函数
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.f_str(@col1 varchar(10))
RETURNS varchar(100)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @re varchar(100)
SET @re=''
SELECT @re=@re+','+CAST(col2 as varchar)
FROM tb
WHERE col1=@col1
RETURN(STUFF(@re,1,1,''))
END
GO--调用函数
SELECT col1,col2=dbo.f_str(col1) FROM tb GROUP BY col1
--删除测试
DROP TABLE tb
DROP FUNCTION f_str
/*--结果
col1 col2
---------- -----------
a 1,2
b 1,2,3
--*/
GO/*==============================================*/
--3.3.3 使用临时表实现字符串合并处理的示例
--处理的数据
CREATE TABLE tb(col1 varchar(10),col2 int)
INSERT tb SELECT 'a',1
UNION ALL SELECT 'a',2
UNION ALL SELECT 'b',1
UNION ALL SELECT 'b',2
UNION ALL SELECT 'b',3--合并处理
SELECT col1,col2=CAST(col2 as varchar(100))
INTO #t FROM tb
ORDER BY col1,col2
DECLARE @col1 varchar(10),@col2 varchar(100)
UPDATE #t SET
@col2=CASE WHEN @col1=col1 THEN @col2+','+col2 ELSE col2 END,
@col1=col1,
col2=@col2
SELECT * FROM #t
/*--更新处理后的临时表
col1 col2
---------- -------------
a 1
a 1,2
b 1
b 1,2
b 1,2,3
--*/
--得到最终结果
SELECT col1,col2=MAX(col2) FROM #t GROUP BY col1
/*--结果
col1 col2
---------- -----------
a 1,2
b 1,2,3
--*/
--删除测试
DROP TABLE tb,#t
GO
/*==============================================*/--3.3.4.1 每组 <=2 条记录的合并
--处理的数据
CREATE TABLE tb(col1 varchar(10),col2 int)
INSERT tb SELECT 'a',1
UNION ALL SELECT 'a',2
UNION ALL SELECT 'b',1
UNION ALL SELECT 'b',2
UNION ALL SELECT 'c',3--合并处理
SELECT col1,
col2=CAST(MIN(col2) as varchar)
+CASE
WHEN COUNT(*)=1 THEN ''
ELSE ','+CAST(MAX(col2) as varchar)
END
FROM tb
GROUP BY col1
DROP TABLE tb
/*--结果
col1 col2
---------- ----------
a 1,2
b 1,2
c 3
--*/--3.3.4.2 每组 <=3 条记录的合并
--处理的数据
CREATE TABLE tb(col1 varchar(10),col2 int)
INSERT tb SELECT 'a',1
UNION ALL SELECT 'a',2
UNION ALL SELECT 'b',1
UNION ALL SELECT 'b',2
UNION ALL SELECT 'b',3
UNION ALL SELECT 'c',3--合并处理
SELECT col1,
col2=CAST(MIN(col2) as varchar)
+CASE
WHEN COUNT(*)=3 THEN ','
+CAST((SELECT col2 FROM tb WHERE col1=a.col1 AND col2 NOT IN(MAX(a.col2),MIN(a.col2))) as varchar)
ELSE ''
END
+CASE
WHEN COUNT(*)>=2 THEN ','+CAST(MAX(col2) as varchar)
ELSE ''
END
FROM tb a
GROUP BY col1
DROP TABLE tb
/*--结果
col1 col2
---------- ------------
a 1,2
b 1,2,3
c 3
--*/
GO
insert into tb values(1 , 'a')
insert into tb values(1 , 'b')
insert into tb values(2 , 'j')
insert into tb values(2 , 'g')
insert into tb values(3 , 'c')
insert into tb values(3 , 'k')
go--创建一个合并的函数
create function f_hb(@feild1 int)
returns varchar(8000)
as
begin
declare @str varchar(8000)
set @str = ''
select @str = @str + ',' + cast(feild2 as varchar) from tb where feild1 = @feild1
set @str = right(@str , len(@str) - 1)
return(@str)
End
go --调用自定义函数得到结果:
select distinct feild1 ,dbo.f_hb(feild1) as feild2 from tb drop table tb
drop function dbo.f_hb /*
feild1 feild2
----------- -----------
1 a,b
2 j,g
3 c,k(所影响的行数为 3 行)
*/
SELECT
*
FROM(
SELECT DISTINCT
field1
FROM tb
)A
CROSS APPLY(
SELECT field2 = STUFF((
SELECT ',' + field2
FROM tb
WHERE field1 = A.field1
).value('/', 'varchar(8000)'),
1, 1, '')
)B
drop function [dbo].[fn_test]
GO
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fn_test
(
@field1 int
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(800)
AS
BEGIN
declare @str varchar(800)
select @str = ''
select @str = ','+ field2 from #t where field1 = @field1
select @str = stuff(@str,1,1,'')
return @str
END
go
select field1,field2 = dbo.fn_test(field1) from #t
create table t(field1 int ,field2 varchar(10))
insert t
select 1 , ' a' union all
select 1 , ' b' union all
select 2 , ' j' union all
select 2 , ' g' union all
select 3 , ' c' union all
select 3 , ' k'
gocreate function f_GetStr(@field1 int)
returns varchar(100)
as
begin
declare @field2 varchar(100)
set @field2=''
select @field2=@field2+','+field2 from t where field1=@field1
return stuff(@field2,1,1,'')
end
goselect field1,field2=dbo.f_GetStr(field1) from t group by field1drop table t
drop function f_GetStr