BACKUP
备份整个数据库、事务日志，或者备份一个或多个文件或文件组。有关数据库备份和恢复操作的更多信息，请参见备份和还原数据库。 语法
备份整个数据库：BACKUP DATABASE { database_name | @database_name_var }
TO < backup_device > [ ,...n ]
[ WITH
[ BLOCKSIZE = { blocksize | @blocksize_variable } ]
[ [ , ] DESCRIPTION = { 'text' | @text_variable } ]
[ [ , ] DIFFERENTIAL ]
[ [ , ] EXPIREDATE = { date | @date_var }
| RETAINDAYS = { days | @days_var } ]
[ [ , ] PASSWORD = { password | @password_variable } ]
[ [ , ] FORMAT | NOFORMAT ]
[ [ , ] { INIT | NOINIT } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIADESCRIPTION = { 'text' | @text_variable } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIANAME = { media_name | @media_name_variable } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIAPASSWORD = { mediapassword | @mediapassword_variable } ]
[ [ , ] NAME = { backup_set_name | @backup_set_name_var } ]
[ [ , ] { NOSKIP | SKIP } ]
[ [ , ] { NOREWIND | REWIND } ]
[ [ , ] { NOUNLOAD | UNLOAD } ]
[ [ , ] RESTART ]
[ [ , ] STATS [ = percentage ] ]
]备份特定的文件或文件组：BACKUP DATABASE { database_name | @database_name_var }
< file_or_filegroup > [ ,...n ]
TO < backup_device > [ ,...n ]
[ WITH
[ BLOCKSIZE = { blocksize | @blocksize_variable } ]
[ [ , ] DESCRIPTION = { 'text' | @text_variable } ]
[ [ , ] DIFFERENTIAL ]
[ [ , ] EXPIREDATE = { date | @date_var }
| RETAINDAYS = { days | @days_var } ]
[ [ , ] PASSWORD = { password | @password_variable } ]
[ [ , ] FORMAT | NOFORMAT ]
[ [ , ] { INIT | NOINIT } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIADESCRIPTION = { 'text' | @text_variable } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIANAME = { media_name | @media_name_variable } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIAPASSWORD = { mediapassword | @mediapassword_variable } ]
[ [ , ] NAME = { backup_set_name | @backup_set_name_var } ]
[ [ , ] { NOSKIP | SKIP } ]
[ [ , ] { NOREWIND | REWIND } ]
[ [ , ] { NOUNLOAD | UNLOAD } ]
[ [ , ] RESTART ]
[ [ , ] STATS [ = percentage ] ]
]备份一个事务日志：BACKUP LOG { database_name | @database_name_var }
{
TO < backup_device > [ ,...n ]
[ WITH
[ BLOCKSIZE = { blocksize | @blocksize_variable } ]
[ [ , ] DESCRIPTION = { 'text' | @text_variable } ]
[ [ ,] EXPIREDATE = { date | @date_var }
| RETAINDAYS = { days | @days_var } ]
[ [ , ] PASSWORD = { password | @password_variable } ]
[ [ , ] FORMAT | NOFORMAT ]
[ [ , ] { INIT | NOINIT } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIADESCRIPTION = { 'text' | @text_variable } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIANAME = { media_name | @media_name_variable } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIAPASSWORD = { mediapassword | @mediapassword_variable } ]
[ [ , ] NAME = { backup_set_name | @backup_set_name_var } ]
[ [ , ] NO_TRUNCATE ]
[ [ , ] { NORECOVERY | STANDBY = undo_file_name } ]
[ [ , ] { NOREWIND | REWIND } ]
[ [ , ] { NOSKIP | SKIP } ]
[ [ , ] { NOUNLOAD | UNLOAD } ]
[ [ , ] RESTART ]
[ [ , ] STATS [ = percentage ] ]
]
} < backup_device > ::=
{
{ logical_backup_device_name | @logical_backup_device_name_var }
|
{ DISK | TAPE } =
{ 'physical_backup_device_name' | @physical_backup_device_name_var }
} < file_or_filegroup > ::=
{
FILE = { logical_file_name | @logical_file_name_var }
|
FILEGROUP = { logical_filegroup_name | @logical_filegroup_name_var }
} 截断事务日志：BACKUP LOG { database_name | @database_name_var }
{
[ WITH
{ NO_LOG | TRUNCATE_ONLY } ]
}参数
DATABASE指定一个完整的数据库备份。假如指定了一个文件和文件组的列表，那么仅有这些被指定的文件和文件组被备份。说明 在进行完整数据库备份或差异数据库备份时，Microsoft® SQL Server™ 备份足够的事务日志，以生成一个将在还原数据库时使用的一致的数据库。在 master 数据库上只能采用完整数据库备份。
{ database_name | @database_name_var }指定了一个数据库，从该数据库中对事务日志、部分数据库或完整的数据库进行备份。如果作为变量 (@database_name_var) 提供，则可将该名称指定为字符串常量 (@database_name_var = database name) 或字符串数据类型（ntext 或 text 数据类型除外）的变量。< backup_device >指定备份操作时要使用的逻辑或物理备份设备。可以是下列一种或多种形式： { logical_backup_device_name } | { @logical_backup_device_name_var }
是由 sp_addumpdevice 创建的备份设备的逻辑名称，数据库将备份到该设备中，其名称必须遵守标识符规则。如果将其作为变量 (@logical_backup_device_name_var) 提供，则可将该备份设备名称指定为字符串常量 (@logical_backup_device_name_var = logical backup device name) 或字符串数据类型（ntext 或 text 数据类型除外）的变量。{ DISK | TAPE } =
'physical_backup_device_name' | @physical_backup_device_name_var
允许在指定的磁盘或磁带设备上创建备份。在执行 BACKUP 语句之前不必存在指定的物理设备。如果存在物理设备且 BACKUP 语句中没有指定 INIT 选项，则备份将追加到该设备。
当指定 TO DISK 或 TO TAPE 时，请输入完整路径和文件名。例如，DISK = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL\BACKUP\Mybackup.dat' 或 TAPE = '\\.\TAPE0'。
。
备份整个数据库、事务日志，或者备份一个或多个文件或文件组。有关数据库备份和恢复操作的更多信息，请参见备份和还原数据库。 语法
备份整个数据库：BACKUP DATABASE { database_name | @database_name_var }
TO < backup_device > [ ,...n ]
[ WITH
[ BLOCKSIZE = { blocksize | @blocksize_variable } ]
[ [ , ] DESCRIPTION = { 'text' | @text_variable } ]
[ [ , ] DIFFERENTIAL ]
[ [ , ] EXPIREDATE = { date | @date_var }
| RETAINDAYS = { days | @days_var } ]
[ [ , ] PASSWORD = { password | @password_variable } ]
[ [ , ] FORMAT | NOFORMAT ]
[ [ , ] { INIT | NOINIT } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIADESCRIPTION = { 'text' | @text_variable } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIANAME = { media_name | @media_name_variable } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIAPASSWORD = { mediapassword | @mediapassword_variable } ]
[ [ , ] NAME = { backup_set_name | @backup_set_name_var } ]
[ [ , ] { NOSKIP | SKIP } ]
[ [ , ] { NOREWIND | REWIND } ]
[ [ , ] { NOUNLOAD | UNLOAD } ]
[ [ , ] RESTART ]
[ [ , ] STATS [ = percentage ] ]
]备份特定的文件或文件组：BACKUP DATABASE { database_name | @database_name_var }
< file_or_filegroup > [ ,...n ]
TO < backup_device > [ ,...n ]
[ WITH
[ BLOCKSIZE = { blocksize | @blocksize_variable } ]
[ [ , ] DESCRIPTION = { 'text' | @text_variable } ]
[ [ , ] DIFFERENTIAL ]
[ [ , ] EXPIREDATE = { date | @date_var }
| RETAINDAYS = { days | @days_var } ]
[ [ , ] PASSWORD = { password | @password_variable } ]
[ [ , ] FORMAT | NOFORMAT ]
[ [ , ] { INIT | NOINIT } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIADESCRIPTION = { 'text' | @text_variable } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIANAME = { media_name | @media_name_variable } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIAPASSWORD = { mediapassword | @mediapassword_variable } ]
[ [ , ] NAME = { backup_set_name | @backup_set_name_var } ]
[ [ , ] { NOSKIP | SKIP } ]
[ [ , ] { NOREWIND | REWIND } ]
[ [ , ] { NOUNLOAD | UNLOAD } ]
[ [ , ] RESTART ]
[ [ , ] STATS [ = percentage ] ]
]备份一个事务日志：BACKUP LOG { database_name | @database_name_var }
{
TO < backup_device > [ ,...n ]
[ WITH
[ BLOCKSIZE = { blocksize | @blocksize_variable } ]
[ [ , ] DESCRIPTION = { 'text' | @text_variable } ]
[ [ ,] EXPIREDATE = { date | @date_var }
| RETAINDAYS = { days | @days_var } ]
[ [ , ] PASSWORD = { password | @password_variable } ]
[ [ , ] FORMAT | NOFORMAT ]
[ [ , ] { INIT | NOINIT } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIADESCRIPTION = { 'text' | @text_variable } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIANAME = { media_name | @media_name_variable } ]
[ [ , ] MEDIAPASSWORD = { mediapassword | @mediapassword_variable } ]
[ [ , ] NAME = { backup_set_name | @backup_set_name_var } ]
[ [ , ] NO_TRUNCATE ]
[ [ , ] { NORECOVERY | STANDBY = undo_file_name } ]
[ [ , ] { NOREWIND | REWIND } ]
[ [ , ] { NOSKIP | SKIP } ]
[ [ , ] { NOUNLOAD | UNLOAD } ]
[ [ , ] RESTART ]
[ [ , ] STATS [ = percentage ] ]
]
} < backup_device > ::=
{
{ logical_backup_device_name | @logical_backup_device_name_var }
|
{ DISK | TAPE } =
{ 'physical_backup_device_name' | @physical_backup_device_name_var }
} < file_or_filegroup > ::=
{
FILE = { logical_file_name | @logical_file_name_var }
|
FILEGROUP = { logical_filegroup_name | @logical_filegroup_name_var }
} 截断事务日志：BACKUP LOG { database_name | @database_name_var }
{
[ WITH
{ NO_LOG | TRUNCATE_ONLY } ]
}参数
DATABASE指定一个完整的数据库备份。假如指定了一个文件和文件组的列表，那么仅有这些被指定的文件和文件组被备份。说明 在进行完整数据库备份或差异数据库备份时，Microsoft® SQL Server™ 备份足够的事务日志，以生成一个将在还原数据库时使用的一致的数据库。在 master 数据库上只能采用完整数据库备份。
{ database_name | @database_name_var }指定了一个数据库，从该数据库中对事务日志、部分数据库或完整的数据库进行备份。如果作为变量 (@database_name_var) 提供，则可将该名称指定为字符串常量 (@database_name_var = database name) 或字符串数据类型（ntext 或 text 数据类型除外）的变量。< backup_device >指定备份操作时要使用的逻辑或物理备份设备。可以是下列一种或多种形式： { logical_backup_device_name } | { @logical_backup_device_name_var }
是由 sp_addumpdevice 创建的备份设备的逻辑名称，数据库将备份到该设备中，其名称必须遵守标识符规则。如果将其作为变量 (@logical_backup_device_name_var) 提供，则可将该备份设备名称指定为字符串常量 (@logical_backup_device_name_var = logical backup device name) 或字符串数据类型（ntext 或 text 数据类型除外）的变量。{ DISK | TAPE } =
'physical_backup_device_name' | @physical_backup_device_name_var
允许在指定的磁盘或磁带设备上创建备份。在执行 BACKUP 语句之前不必存在指定的物理设备。如果存在物理设备且 BACKUP 语句中没有指定 INIT 选项，则备份将追加到该设备。
当指定 TO DISK 或 TO TAPE 时，请输入完整路径和文件名。例如，DISK = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL\BACKUP\Mybackup.dat' 或 TAPE = '\\.\TAPE0'。
。
数据库中有表Table11,Table12...Table1n，Table21,Table22...Table2n。其中Table11,Table12...Table1n这几个表，每天都会增加不定数量(数量不等，每天不一样)的数据记录。每隔一段时间，如一月，我就要将三月前的数据备份出来，并将三月前的数据记录删除，只保留最近三个月的数据。如果整个数据库备份，除了会备份重复的记录外，还将一些不需要备份的数据也每次都备份，增加了备份的重复数据量，是不合理的，以后对备份数据的使用也是不方便的。