--这是sql server中的解释,在oracle中几乎一样. 用 ROLLUP 汇总数据 在生成包含小计和合计的报表时,ROLLUP 运算符很有用。ROLLUP 运算符生成的结果集类似于 CUBE 运算符所生成的结果集。有关更多信息,请参见用 CUBE 汇总数据。 CUBE 和 ROLLUP 之间的区别在于: CUBE 生成的结果集显示了所选列中值的所有组合的聚合。 ROLLUP 生成的结果集显示了所选列中值的某一层次结构的聚合。 例如,简单表 Inventory 中包含:Item Color Quantity -------------------- -------------------- -------------------------- Table Blue 124 Table Red 223 Chair Blue 101 Chair Red 210 下列查询将生成小计报表:SELECT CASE WHEN (GROUPING(Item) = 1) THEN 'ALL' ELSE ISNULL(Item, 'UNKNOWN') END AS Item, CASE WHEN (GROUPING(Color) = 1) THEN 'ALL' ELSE ISNULL(Color, 'UNKNOWN') END AS Color, SUM(Quantity) AS QtySum FROM Inventory GROUP BY Item, Color WITH ROLLUPItem Color QtySum -------------------- -------------------- -------------------------- Chair Blue 101.00 Chair Red 210.00 Chair ALL 311.00 Table Blue 124.00 Table Red 223.00 Table ALL 347.00 ALL ALL 658.00 (7 row(s) affected)如果查询中的 ROLLUP 关键字更改为 CUBE,那么 CUBE 结果集与上述结果相同,只是在结果集的末尾还会返回下列两行:ALL Blue 225.00 ALL Red 433.00 CUBE 操作为 Item 和 Color 中值的可能组合生成行。例如,CUBE 不仅报告与 Item 值 Chair 相组合的 Color 值的所有可能组合(Red、Blue 和 Red + Blue),而且报告与 Color 值 Red 相组合的 Item 值的所有可能组合(Chair、Table 和 Chair + Table)。对于 GROUP BY 子句中右边的列中的每个值,ROLLUP 操作并不报告左边一列(或左边各列)中值的所有可能组合。例如,ROLLUP 并不对每个 Color 值报告 Item 值的所有可能组合。ROLLUP 操作的结果集具有类似于 COMPUTE BY 所返回结果集的功能;然而,ROLLUP 具有下列优点: ROLLUP 返回单个结果集;COMPUTE BY 返回多个结果集,而多个结果集会增加应用程序代码的复杂性。 ROLLUP 可以在服务器游标中使用;COMPUTE BY 不可以。 有时,查询优化器为 ROLLUP 生成的执行计划比为 COMPUTE BY 生成的更为高效。
--oracle的几个用法.1. Rollup: give the sum on the aggregate; it is used as an add-on to the GROUP BY clause SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee( 2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /Table created.SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values ('01','Jason', 'Martin', to_date('19960725','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20060725','YYYYMMDD'), 1234.56, 'Toronto', 'Programmer') 3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('02','Alison', 'Mathews', to_date('19760321','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19860221','YYYYMMDD'), 6661.78, 'Vancouver','Tester') 3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('03','James', 'Smith', to_date('19781212','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19900315','YYYYMMDD'), 6544.78, 'Vancouver','Tester') 3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('04','Celia', 'Rice', to_date('19821024','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19990421','YYYYMMDD'), 2344.78, 'Vancouver','Manager') 3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('05','Robert', 'Black', to_date('19840115','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980808','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78, 'Vancouver','Tester') 3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('06','Linda', 'Green', to_date('19870730','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19960104','YYYYMMDD'), 4322.78,'New York', 'Tester') 3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('07','David', 'Larry', to_date('19901231','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980212','YYYYMMDD'), 7897.78,'New York', 'Manager') 3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('08','James', 'Cat', to_date('19960917','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20020415','YYYYMMDD'), 1232.78,'Vancouver', 'Tester') 3 /1 row created.SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee 2 /ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION ---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- --------------- 01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester8 rows selected.SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- Rollup: give the sum on the aggregate; it is used as an add-on to the GROUP BY clause. SQL> SQL> SELECT count(*), city 2 FROM employee 3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(city); COUNT(*) CITY ---------- ---------- 2 New York 1 Toronto 5 Vancouver 8SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee 2 /Table dropped.2. With ROLLUP and ROW_NUMBER added SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee( 2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 /Table created.SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values ('01','Jason', 'Martin', to_date('19960725','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20060725','YYYYMMDD'), 1234.56, 'Toronto', 'Programmer') 3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('02','Alison', 'Mathews', to_date('19760321','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19860221','YYYYMMDD'), 6661.78, 'Vancouver','Tester') 3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('03','James', 'Smith', to_date('19781212','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19900315','YYYYMMDD'), 6544.78, 'Vancouver','Tester') 3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('04','Celia', 'Rice', to_date('19821024','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19990421','YYYYMMDD'), 2344.78, 'Vancouver','Manager') 3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('05','Robert', 'Black', to_date('19840115','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980808','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78, 'Vancouver','Tester') 3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('06','Linda', 'Green', to_date('19870730','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19960104','YYYYMMDD'), 4322.78,'New York', 'Tester') 3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('07','David', 'Larry', to_date('19901231','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980212','YYYYMMDD'), 7897.78,'New York', 'Manager') 3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('08','James', 'Cat', to_date('19960917','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20020415','YYYYMMDD'), 1232.78,'Vancouver', 'Tester') 3 /1 row created.SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee 2 /ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION ---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- --------------- 01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester8 rows selected.SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- SQL> SQL> SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY city, description) rn, 2 count(*), city, description 3 FROM employee 4 GROUP BY ROLLUP(city, description); RN COUNT(*) CITY DESCRIPTION ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- 1 1 New York Manager 2 1 New York Tester 3 2 New York 4 1 Toronto Programmer 5 1 Toronto 6 1 Vancouver Manager 7 4 Vancouver Tester 8 5 Vancouver 9 89 rows selected.SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee 2 /Table dropped.
3. The ROLLUP clause extends GROUP BY to return a row containing a subtotal for each group along with a total for all groups SQL> --Passing a Single Column to ROLLUP SQL> --The ROLLUP clause extends GROUP BY to return a row containing a subtotal for each group along with a total for all groups. SQL> SELECT city, SUM(salary) 2 FROM employee 3 GROUP BY city;CITY SUM(SALARY) ---------- ----------- New York 12220.56 Toronto 1234.56 Vancouver 19118.9SQL> --The following query rewrites the previous example to use ROLLUP. SQL> SELECT city, SUM(salary) 2 FROM employee 3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(city);CITY SUM(SALARY) ---------- ----------- New York 12220.56 Toronto 1234.56 Vancouver 19118.9 32574.024. Changing the Position of Columns Passed to ROLLUP SQL> -- Changing the Position of Columns Passed to ROLLUP SQL> SELECT city, description, SUM(salary) 2 FROM employee 3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(city, description);CITY DESCRIPTION SUM(SALARY) ---------- --------------- ----------- Toronto Programmer 1234.56 Toronto 1234.56 New York Tester 4322.78 New York Manager 7897.78 New York 12220.56 Vancouver Tester 16774.12 Vancouver Manager 2344.78 Vancouver 19118.9 32574.029 rows selected.SQL> SELECT city, description, SUM(salary) 2 FROM employee 3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(description, city);CITY DESCRIPTION SUM(SALARY) ---------- --------------- ----------- New York Tester 4322.78 Vancouver Tester 16774.12 Tester 21096.9 New York Manager 7897.78 Vancouver Manager 2344.78 Manager 10242.56 Toronto Programmer 1234.56 Programmer 1234.56 32574.029 rows selected.5. Passing Multiple Columns to ROLLUP: groups the rows into blocks with the same column values SQL> -- Passing Multiple Columns to ROLLUP: groups the rows into blocks with the same column values. SQL> SELECT city, description, SUM(salary) 2 FROM employee 3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(city, description);CITY DESCRIPTION SUM(SALARY) ---------- --------------- ----------- Toronto Programmer 1234.56 Toronto 1234.56 New York Tester 4322.78 New York Manager 7897.78 New York 12220.56 Vancouver Tester 16774.12 Vancouver Manager 2344.78 Vancouver 19118.9 32574.029 rows selected.6. Using AVG with ROLLUP SQL> --Using AVG with ROLLUP SQL> SELECT city, description, AVG(salary) 2 FROM employee 3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(city, description);CITY DESCRIPTION AVG(SALARY) ---------- --------------- ----------- Toronto Programmer 1234.56 Toronto 1234.56 New York Tester 4322.78 New York Manager 7897.78 New York 6110.28 Vancouver Tester 4193.53 Vancouver Manager 2344.78 Vancouver 3823.78 4071.75259 rows selected.7. Rollup function in group by clause SQL> SELECT city, SUM(salary) 2 FROM employee 3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(city);CITY SUM(SALARY) ---------- ----------- New York 12220.56 Toronto 1234.56 Vancouver 19118.9 32574.028. ROLLUP and RANK() to get the sales rankings by product type ID SQL> CREATE TABLE all_sales ( 2 year INTEGER, 3 month INTEGER, 4 prd_type_id INTEGER, 5 emp_id INTEGER , 6 amount NUMBER(8, 2) 7 );Table created.SQL> SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,1 ,1 ,21 ,16034.84); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,2 ,1 ,21 ,15644.65); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,3 ,2 ,21 ,20167.83); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,4 ,2 ,21 ,25056.45); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,5 ,2 ,21 ,NULL); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,6 ,1 ,21 ,15564.66); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,7 ,1 ,21 ,15644.65); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,8 ,1 ,21 ,16434.82); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,9 ,1 ,21 ,19654.57); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,10 ,1 ,21 ,21764.19); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,11 ,1 ,21 ,13026.73); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,12 ,2 ,21 ,10034.64); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,1 ,2 ,22 ,16634.84); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,1 ,2 ,21 ,26034.84); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,2 ,1 ,21 ,12644.65); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,3 ,1 ,21 ,NULL); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,4 ,1 ,21 ,25026.45); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,5 ,1 ,21 ,17212.66); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,6 ,1 ,21 ,15564.26); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,7 ,2 ,21 ,62654.82); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,8 ,2 ,21 ,26434.82); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,9 ,2 ,21 ,15644.65); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,10 ,2 ,21 ,21264.19); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,11 ,1 ,21 ,13026.73); SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,12 ,1 ,21 ,10032.64); SQL> select * from all_sales; YEAR MONTH PRD_TYPE_ID EMP_ID AMOUNT ---------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- 2006 1 1 21 16034.84 2006 2 1 21 15644.65 2006 3 2 21 20167.83 2006 4 2 21 25056.45 2006 5 2 21 2006 6 1 21 15564.66 2006 7 1 21 15644.65 2006 8 1 21 16434.82 2006 9 1 21 19654.57 2006 10 1 21 21764.19 2006 11 1 21 13026.73 2006 12 2 21 10034.64 2005 1 2 22 16634.84 2005 1 2 21 26034.84 2005 2 1 21 12644.65 2005 3 1 21 2005 4 1 21 25026.45 2005 5 1 21 17212.66 2005 6 1 21 15564.26 2005 7 2 21 62654.82 2005 8 2 21 26434.82 2005 9 2 21 15644.65 2005 10 2 21 21264.19 2005 11 1 21 13026.73 2005 12 1 21 10032.6425 rows selected.SQL> SQL> --ROLLUP and RANK() to get the sales rankings by product type ID SQL> SQL> SELECT 2 prd_type_id, SUM(amount), 3 RANK() OVER (ORDER BY SUM(amount) DESC) AS rank 4 FROM all_sales 5 GROUP BY ROLLUP(prd_type_id) 6 ORDER BY prd_type_id;PRD_TYPE_ID SUM(AMOUNT) RANK ----------- ----------- ---------- 1 227276.5 2 2 223927.08 3 451203.58 1SQL> SQL> drop table all_sales;Table dropped.
可以参考下面的例子。
用 ROLLUP 汇总数据
在生成包含小计和合计的报表时,ROLLUP 运算符很有用。ROLLUP 运算符生成的结果集类似于 CUBE 运算符所生成的结果集。有关更多信息,请参见用 CUBE 汇总数据。 CUBE 和 ROLLUP 之间的区别在于: CUBE 生成的结果集显示了所选列中值的所有组合的聚合。
ROLLUP 生成的结果集显示了所选列中值的某一层次结构的聚合。
例如,简单表 Inventory 中包含:Item Color Quantity
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------------
Table Blue 124
Table Red 223
Chair Blue 101
Chair Red 210 下列查询将生成小计报表:SELECT CASE WHEN (GROUPING(Item) = 1) THEN 'ALL'
ELSE ISNULL(Item, 'UNKNOWN')
END AS Item,
CASE WHEN (GROUPING(Color) = 1) THEN 'ALL'
ELSE ISNULL(Color, 'UNKNOWN')
END AS Color,
SUM(Quantity) AS QtySum
FROM Inventory
GROUP BY Item, Color WITH ROLLUPItem Color QtySum
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------------
Chair Blue 101.00
Chair Red 210.00
Chair ALL 311.00
Table Blue 124.00
Table Red 223.00
Table ALL 347.00
ALL ALL 658.00 (7 row(s) affected)如果查询中的 ROLLUP 关键字更改为 CUBE,那么 CUBE 结果集与上述结果相同,只是在结果集的末尾还会返回下列两行:ALL Blue 225.00
ALL Red 433.00 CUBE 操作为 Item 和 Color 中值的可能组合生成行。例如,CUBE 不仅报告与 Item 值 Chair 相组合的 Color 值的所有可能组合(Red、Blue 和 Red + Blue),而且报告与 Color 值 Red 相组合的 Item 值的所有可能组合(Chair、Table 和 Chair + Table)。对于 GROUP BY 子句中右边的列中的每个值,ROLLUP 操作并不报告左边一列(或左边各列)中值的所有可能组合。例如,ROLLUP 并不对每个 Color 值报告 Item 值的所有可能组合。ROLLUP 操作的结果集具有类似于 COMPUTE BY 所返回结果集的功能;然而,ROLLUP 具有下列优点: ROLLUP 返回单个结果集;COMPUTE BY 返回多个结果集,而多个结果集会增加应用程序代码的复杂性。
ROLLUP 可以在服务器游标中使用;COMPUTE BY 不可以。
有时,查询优化器为 ROLLUP 生成的执行计划比为 COMPUTE BY 生成的更为高效。
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /Table created.SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ('01','Jason', 'Martin', to_date('19960725','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20060725','YYYYMMDD'), 1234.56, 'Toronto', 'Programmer')
3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('02','Alison', 'Mathews', to_date('19760321','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19860221','YYYYMMDD'), 6661.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('03','James', 'Smith', to_date('19781212','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19900315','YYYYMMDD'), 6544.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('04','Celia', 'Rice', to_date('19821024','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19990421','YYYYMMDD'), 2344.78, 'Vancouver','Manager')
3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('05','Robert', 'Black', to_date('19840115','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980808','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('06','Linda', 'Green', to_date('19870730','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19960104','YYYYMMDD'), 4322.78,'New York', 'Tester')
3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('07','David', 'Larry', to_date('19901231','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980212','YYYYMMDD'), 7897.78,'New York', 'Manager')
3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('08','James', 'Cat', to_date('19960917','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20020415','YYYYMMDD'), 1232.78,'Vancouver', 'Tester')
3 /1 row created.SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester8 rows selected.SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- Rollup: give the sum on the aggregate; it is used as an add-on to the GROUP BY clause.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT count(*), city
2 FROM employee
3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(city); COUNT(*) CITY
---------- ----------
2 New York
1 Toronto
5 Vancouver
8SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /Table dropped.2. With ROLLUP and ROW_NUMBER added
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) NOT NULL,
3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
5 Start_Date DATE,
6 End_Date DATE,
7 Salary Number(8,2),
8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
10 )
11 /Table created.SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values ('01','Jason', 'Martin', to_date('19960725','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20060725','YYYYMMDD'), 1234.56, 'Toronto', 'Programmer')
3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('02','Alison', 'Mathews', to_date('19760321','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19860221','YYYYMMDD'), 6661.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('03','James', 'Smith', to_date('19781212','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19900315','YYYYMMDD'), 6544.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('04','Celia', 'Rice', to_date('19821024','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19990421','YYYYMMDD'), 2344.78, 'Vancouver','Manager')
3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('05','Robert', 'Black', to_date('19840115','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980808','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78, 'Vancouver','Tester')
3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('06','Linda', 'Green', to_date('19870730','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19960104','YYYYMMDD'), 4322.78,'New York', 'Tester')
3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('07','David', 'Larry', to_date('19901231','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980212','YYYYMMDD'), 7897.78,'New York', 'Manager')
3 /1 row created.SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)
2 values('08','James', 'Cat', to_date('19960917','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20020415','YYYYMMDD'), 1232.78,'Vancouver', 'Tester')
3 /1 row created.SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select * from Employee
2 /ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME START_DAT END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01 Jason Martin 25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer
02 Alison Mathews 21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester
03 James Smith 12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester
04 Celia Rice 24-OCT-82 21-APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager
05 Robert Black 15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester
06 Linda Green 30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester
07 David Larry 31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager
08 James Cat 17-SEP-96 15-APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester8 rows selected.SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> --
SQL>
SQL> SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY city, description) rn,
2 count(*), city, description
3 FROM employee
4 GROUP BY ROLLUP(city, description); RN COUNT(*) CITY DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
1 1 New York Manager
2 1 New York Tester
3 2 New York
4 1 Toronto Programmer
5 1 Toronto
6 1 Vancouver Manager
7 4 Vancouver Tester
8 5 Vancouver
9 89 rows selected.SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
2 /Table dropped.
SQL> --Passing a Single Column to ROLLUP
SQL> --The ROLLUP clause extends GROUP BY to return a row containing a subtotal for each group along with a total for all groups.
SQL> SELECT city, SUM(salary)
2 FROM employee
3 GROUP BY city;CITY SUM(SALARY)
---------- -----------
New York 12220.56
Toronto 1234.56
Vancouver 19118.9SQL> --The following query rewrites the previous example to use ROLLUP.
SQL> SELECT city, SUM(salary)
2 FROM employee
3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(city);CITY SUM(SALARY)
---------- -----------
New York 12220.56
Toronto 1234.56
Vancouver 19118.9
32574.024. Changing the Position of Columns Passed to ROLLUP
SQL> -- Changing the Position of Columns Passed to ROLLUP
SQL> SELECT city, description, SUM(salary)
2 FROM employee
3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(city, description);CITY DESCRIPTION SUM(SALARY)
---------- --------------- -----------
Toronto Programmer 1234.56
Toronto 1234.56
New York Tester 4322.78
New York Manager 7897.78
New York 12220.56
Vancouver Tester 16774.12
Vancouver Manager 2344.78
Vancouver 19118.9
32574.029 rows selected.SQL> SELECT city, description, SUM(salary)
2 FROM employee
3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(description, city);CITY DESCRIPTION SUM(SALARY)
---------- --------------- -----------
New York Tester 4322.78
Vancouver Tester 16774.12
Tester 21096.9
New York Manager 7897.78
Vancouver Manager 2344.78
Manager 10242.56
Toronto Programmer 1234.56
Programmer 1234.56
32574.029 rows selected.5. Passing Multiple Columns to ROLLUP: groups the rows into blocks with the same column values
SQL> -- Passing Multiple Columns to ROLLUP: groups the rows into blocks with the same column values.
SQL> SELECT city, description, SUM(salary)
2 FROM employee
3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(city, description);CITY DESCRIPTION SUM(SALARY)
---------- --------------- -----------
Toronto Programmer 1234.56
Toronto 1234.56
New York Tester 4322.78
New York Manager 7897.78
New York 12220.56
Vancouver Tester 16774.12
Vancouver Manager 2344.78
Vancouver 19118.9
32574.029 rows selected.6. Using AVG with ROLLUP
SQL> --Using AVG with ROLLUP
SQL> SELECT city, description, AVG(salary)
2 FROM employee
3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(city, description);CITY DESCRIPTION AVG(SALARY)
---------- --------------- -----------
Toronto Programmer 1234.56
Toronto 1234.56
New York Tester 4322.78
New York Manager 7897.78
New York 6110.28
Vancouver Tester 4193.53
Vancouver Manager 2344.78
Vancouver 3823.78
4071.75259 rows selected.7. Rollup function in group by clause
SQL> SELECT city, SUM(salary)
2 FROM employee
3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(city);CITY SUM(SALARY)
---------- -----------
New York 12220.56
Toronto 1234.56
Vancouver 19118.9
32574.028. ROLLUP and RANK() to get the sales rankings by product type ID
SQL> CREATE TABLE all_sales (
2 year INTEGER,
3 month INTEGER,
4 prd_type_id INTEGER,
5 emp_id INTEGER ,
6 amount NUMBER(8, 2)
7 );Table created.SQL>
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,1 ,1 ,21 ,16034.84);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,2 ,1 ,21 ,15644.65);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,3 ,2 ,21 ,20167.83);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,4 ,2 ,21 ,25056.45);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,5 ,2 ,21 ,NULL);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,6 ,1 ,21 ,15564.66);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,7 ,1 ,21 ,15644.65);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,8 ,1 ,21 ,16434.82);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,9 ,1 ,21 ,19654.57);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,10 ,1 ,21 ,21764.19);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,11 ,1 ,21 ,13026.73);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2006,12 ,2 ,21 ,10034.64);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,1 ,2 ,22 ,16634.84);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,1 ,2 ,21 ,26034.84);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,2 ,1 ,21 ,12644.65);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,3 ,1 ,21 ,NULL);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,4 ,1 ,21 ,25026.45);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,5 ,1 ,21 ,17212.66);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,6 ,1 ,21 ,15564.26);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,7 ,2 ,21 ,62654.82);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,8 ,2 ,21 ,26434.82);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,9 ,2 ,21 ,15644.65);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,10 ,2 ,21 ,21264.19);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,11 ,1 ,21 ,13026.73);
SQL> insert into all_sales (YEAR,MONTH,PRD_TYPE_ID,EMP_ID,AMOUNT) values(2005,12 ,1 ,21 ,10032.64);
SQL> select * from all_sales;
YEAR MONTH PRD_TYPE_ID EMP_ID AMOUNT
---------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ----------
2006 1 1 21 16034.84
2006 2 1 21 15644.65
2006 3 2 21 20167.83
2006 4 2 21 25056.45
2006 5 2 21
2006 6 1 21 15564.66
2006 7 1 21 15644.65
2006 8 1 21 16434.82
2006 9 1 21 19654.57
2006 10 1 21 21764.19
2006 11 1 21 13026.73
2006 12 2 21 10034.64
2005 1 2 22 16634.84
2005 1 2 21 26034.84
2005 2 1 21 12644.65
2005 3 1 21
2005 4 1 21 25026.45
2005 5 1 21 17212.66
2005 6 1 21 15564.26
2005 7 2 21 62654.82
2005 8 2 21 26434.82
2005 9 2 21 15644.65
2005 10 2 21 21264.19
2005 11 1 21 13026.73
2005 12 1 21 10032.6425 rows selected.SQL>
SQL> --ROLLUP and RANK() to get the sales rankings by product type ID
SQL>
SQL> SELECT
2 prd_type_id, SUM(amount),
3 RANK() OVER (ORDER BY SUM(amount) DESC) AS rank
4 FROM all_sales
5 GROUP BY ROLLUP(prd_type_id)
6 ORDER BY prd_type_id;PRD_TYPE_ID SUM(AMOUNT) RANK
----------- ----------- ----------
1 227276.5 2
2 223927.08 3
451203.58 1SQL>
SQL> drop table all_sales;Table dropped.