数据库运行的特别慢,请各位高手赐教,万分感谢!init.ora文件下的内容:#
# Copyright (c) 1991, 2000 by Oracle Corporation
#
##############################################################################
# Example INIT.ORA file
#
# This file is provided by Oracle Corporation to help you customize
# your RDBMS installation for your site. Important system parameters
# are discussed, and example settings given.
#
# Some parameter settings are generic to any size installation.
# For parameters that require different values in different size
# installations, three scenarios have been provided: SMALL, MEDIUM
# and LARGE. Any parameter that needs to be tuned according to
# installation size will have three settings, each one commented
# according to installation size.
#
# Use the following table to approximate the SGA size needed for the
# three scenarious provided in this file:
#
# -------Installation/Database Size------
# SMALL MEDIUM LARGE
# Block 2K 4500K 6800K 17000K
# Size 4K 5500K 8800K 21000K
#
# To set up a database that multiple instances will be using, place
# all instance-specific parameters in one file, and then have all
# of these files point to a master file using the IFILE command.
# This way, when you change a public
# parameter, it will automatically change on all instances. This is
# necessary, since all instances must run with the same value for many
# parameters. For example, if you choose to use private rollback segments,
# these must be specified in different files, but since all gc_*
# parameters must be the same on all instances, they should be in one file.
#
# INSTRUCTIONS: Edit this file and the other INIT files it calls for
# your site, either by using the values provided here or by providing
# your own. Then place an IFILE= line into each instance-specific
# INIT file that points at this file.
#
# NOTE: Parameter values suggested in this file are based on conservative
# estimates for computer memory availability. You should adjust values upward
# for modern machines.
#
###############################################################################db_name = "lpszsdb"db_domain = taxinstance_name = lpszsdbservice_names = lpszsdb.taxdb_files = 1024 # INITIAL
# db_files = 80 # SMALL
# db_files = 400 # MEDIUM
# db_files = 1500 # LARGEcontrol_files = ("D:\oracle\oradata\lpszsdb\control01.ctl", "D:\oracle\oradata\lpszsdb\control02.ctl", "D:\oracle\oradata\lpszsdb\control03.ctl")open_cursors = 300
max_enabled_roles = 30
db_file_multiblock_read_count = 8 # INITIAL
# db_file_multiblock_read_count = 8 # SMALL
# db_file_multiblock_read_count = 16 # MEDIUM
# db_file_multiblock_read_count = 32 # LARGEdb_block_buffers = 16384 # 2048 # INITIAL
# db_block_buffers = 100 # SMALL
# db_block_buffers = 550 # MEDIUM
# db_block_buffers = 3200 # LARGEshared_pool_size = 67108864 # 31457280 # INITIAL
# shared_pool_size = 3500000 # SMALL
# shared_pool_size = 5000000 # MEDIUM
# shared_pool_size = 9000000 # LARGElarge_pool_size = 614400
java_pool_size = 20971520log_checkpoint_interval = 10000
log_checkpoint_timeout = 1800processes = 150 # INITIAL
# processes = 50 # SMALL
# processes = 100 # MEDIUM
# processes = 200 # LARGEparallel_max_servers = 5 # SMALL
# parallel_max_servers = 4 x (number of CPUs) # MEDIUM
# parallel_max_servers = 4 x (number of CPUs) # LARGElog_buffer = 262144 # 32768 # INITIAL
# log_buffer = 32768 # SMALL
# log_buffer = 32768 # MEDIUM
# log_buffer = 163840 # LARGE#audit_trail = true # if you want auditing
#timed_statistics = true # if you want timed statistics
max_dump_file_size = 10240 # limit trace file size to 5M each# Uncommenting the line below will cause automatic archiving if archiving has
# been enabled using ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG.
# log_archive_start = true
# log_archive_dest_1 = "location=D:\oracle\oradata\lpszsdb\archive"
# log_archive_format = %%ORACLE_SID%%T%TS%S.ARC# If using private rollback segments, place lines of the following
# form in each of your instance-specific init.ora files:
#rollback_segments = ( RBS0, RBS1, RBS2, RBS3, RBS4, RBS5, RBS6 )# If using public rollback segments, define how many
# rollback segments each instance will pick up, using the formula
# # of rollback segments = transactions / transactions_per_rollback_segment
# In this example each instance will grab 40/5 = 8
# transactions = 40
# transactions_per_rollback_segment = 5# Global Naming -- enforce that a dblink has same name as the db it connects to
global_names = false# Edit and uncomment the following line to provide the suffix that will be
# appended to the db_name parameter (separated with a dot) and stored as the
# global database name when a database is created. If your site uses
# Internet Domain names for e-mail, then the part of your e-mail address after
# the '@' is a good candidate for this parameter value.
# db_domain = us.acme.com # global database name is db_name.db_domain# Uncomment the following line if you wish to enable the Oracle Trace product
# to trace server activity. This enables scheduling of server collections
# from the Oracle Enterprise Manager Console.
# Also, if the oracle_trace_collection_name parameter is non-null,
# every session will write to the named collection, as well as enabling you
# to schedule future collections from the console.
# oracle_trace_enable = trueoracle_trace_collection_name = ""
# define directories to store trace and alert files
background_dump_dest = D:\oracle\admin\lpszsdb\bdump
#Uncomment this parameter to enable resource management for your database.
#The SYSTEM_PLAN is provided by default with the database.
#Change the plan name if you have created your own resource plan.# resource_manager_plan = system_plan
user_dump_dest = D:\oracle\admin\lpszsdb\udumpdb_block_size = 8192remote_login_passwordfile = exclusiveos_authent_prefix = ""# The following parameters are needed for the Advanced Replication Option
job_queue_processes = 4
job_queue_interval = 10
open_links = 4distributed_transactions = 500
mts_dispatchers = "(PROTOCOL=TCP)(PRE=oracle.aurora.server.SGiopServer)"
# Uncomment the following line when your listener is configured for SSL
# (listener.ora and sqlnet.ora)
# mts_dispatchers = "(PROTOCOL=TCPS)(PRE=oracle.aurora.server.SGiopServer)"compatible = 8.1.0
sort_area_size = 524288 # 65536
sort_area_retained_size = 65536
通过系统信息扫描的内存为:总的物理内存:523,756k 可用的物理内存为: 97,708在线等,急呀,兄弟们,帮帮忙!
# Copyright (c) 1991, 2000 by Oracle Corporation
#
##############################################################################
# Example INIT.ORA file
#
# This file is provided by Oracle Corporation to help you customize
# your RDBMS installation for your site. Important system parameters
# are discussed, and example settings given.
#
# Some parameter settings are generic to any size installation.
# For parameters that require different values in different size
# installations, three scenarios have been provided: SMALL, MEDIUM
# and LARGE. Any parameter that needs to be tuned according to
# installation size will have three settings, each one commented
# according to installation size.
#
# Use the following table to approximate the SGA size needed for the
# three scenarious provided in this file:
#
# -------Installation/Database Size------
# SMALL MEDIUM LARGE
# Block 2K 4500K 6800K 17000K
# Size 4K 5500K 8800K 21000K
#
# To set up a database that multiple instances will be using, place
# all instance-specific parameters in one file, and then have all
# of these files point to a master file using the IFILE command.
# This way, when you change a public
# parameter, it will automatically change on all instances. This is
# necessary, since all instances must run with the same value for many
# parameters. For example, if you choose to use private rollback segments,
# these must be specified in different files, but since all gc_*
# parameters must be the same on all instances, they should be in one file.
#
# INSTRUCTIONS: Edit this file and the other INIT files it calls for
# your site, either by using the values provided here or by providing
# your own. Then place an IFILE= line into each instance-specific
# INIT file that points at this file.
#
# NOTE: Parameter values suggested in this file are based on conservative
# estimates for computer memory availability. You should adjust values upward
# for modern machines.
#
###############################################################################db_name = "lpszsdb"db_domain = taxinstance_name = lpszsdbservice_names = lpszsdb.taxdb_files = 1024 # INITIAL
# db_files = 80 # SMALL
# db_files = 400 # MEDIUM
# db_files = 1500 # LARGEcontrol_files = ("D:\oracle\oradata\lpszsdb\control01.ctl", "D:\oracle\oradata\lpszsdb\control02.ctl", "D:\oracle\oradata\lpszsdb\control03.ctl")open_cursors = 300
max_enabled_roles = 30
db_file_multiblock_read_count = 8 # INITIAL
# db_file_multiblock_read_count = 8 # SMALL
# db_file_multiblock_read_count = 16 # MEDIUM
# db_file_multiblock_read_count = 32 # LARGEdb_block_buffers = 16384 # 2048 # INITIAL
# db_block_buffers = 100 # SMALL
# db_block_buffers = 550 # MEDIUM
# db_block_buffers = 3200 # LARGEshared_pool_size = 67108864 # 31457280 # INITIAL
# shared_pool_size = 3500000 # SMALL
# shared_pool_size = 5000000 # MEDIUM
# shared_pool_size = 9000000 # LARGElarge_pool_size = 614400
java_pool_size = 20971520log_checkpoint_interval = 10000
log_checkpoint_timeout = 1800processes = 150 # INITIAL
# processes = 50 # SMALL
# processes = 100 # MEDIUM
# processes = 200 # LARGEparallel_max_servers = 5 # SMALL
# parallel_max_servers = 4 x (number of CPUs) # MEDIUM
# parallel_max_servers = 4 x (number of CPUs) # LARGElog_buffer = 262144 # 32768 # INITIAL
# log_buffer = 32768 # SMALL
# log_buffer = 32768 # MEDIUM
# log_buffer = 163840 # LARGE#audit_trail = true # if you want auditing
#timed_statistics = true # if you want timed statistics
max_dump_file_size = 10240 # limit trace file size to 5M each# Uncommenting the line below will cause automatic archiving if archiving has
# been enabled using ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG.
# log_archive_start = true
# log_archive_dest_1 = "location=D:\oracle\oradata\lpszsdb\archive"
# log_archive_format = %%ORACLE_SID%%T%TS%S.ARC# If using private rollback segments, place lines of the following
# form in each of your instance-specific init.ora files:
#rollback_segments = ( RBS0, RBS1, RBS2, RBS3, RBS4, RBS5, RBS6 )# If using public rollback segments, define how many
# rollback segments each instance will pick up, using the formula
# # of rollback segments = transactions / transactions_per_rollback_segment
# In this example each instance will grab 40/5 = 8
# transactions = 40
# transactions_per_rollback_segment = 5# Global Naming -- enforce that a dblink has same name as the db it connects to
global_names = false# Edit and uncomment the following line to provide the suffix that will be
# appended to the db_name parameter (separated with a dot) and stored as the
# global database name when a database is created. If your site uses
# Internet Domain names for e-mail, then the part of your e-mail address after
# the '@' is a good candidate for this parameter value.
# db_domain = us.acme.com # global database name is db_name.db_domain# Uncomment the following line if you wish to enable the Oracle Trace product
# to trace server activity. This enables scheduling of server collections
# from the Oracle Enterprise Manager Console.
# Also, if the oracle_trace_collection_name parameter is non-null,
# every session will write to the named collection, as well as enabling you
# to schedule future collections from the console.
# oracle_trace_enable = trueoracle_trace_collection_name = ""
# define directories to store trace and alert files
background_dump_dest = D:\oracle\admin\lpszsdb\bdump
#Uncomment this parameter to enable resource management for your database.
#The SYSTEM_PLAN is provided by default with the database.
#Change the plan name if you have created your own resource plan.# resource_manager_plan = system_plan
user_dump_dest = D:\oracle\admin\lpszsdb\udumpdb_block_size = 8192remote_login_passwordfile = exclusiveos_authent_prefix = ""# The following parameters are needed for the Advanced Replication Option
job_queue_processes = 4
job_queue_interval = 10
open_links = 4distributed_transactions = 500
mts_dispatchers = "(PROTOCOL=TCP)(PRE=oracle.aurora.server.SGiopServer)"
# Uncomment the following line when your listener is configured for SSL
# (listener.ora and sqlnet.ora)
# mts_dispatchers = "(PROTOCOL=TCPS)(PRE=oracle.aurora.server.SGiopServer)"compatible = 8.1.0
sort_area_size = 524288 # 65536
sort_area_retained_size = 65536
通过系统信息扫描的内存为:总的物理内存:523,756k 可用的物理内存为: 97,708在线等,急呀,兄弟们,帮帮忙!
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速度很快的，不过用windows的话没试过。
一般情况下,db_block_size可以设置为8K,SGA可以设置成机器物理内存的25%-50%,db_block_buffer*db_block_size可以与share_pool_size相当,但对大型的应用,share_pool_size不要超过5OOMB,这种情况下db_block_buffer*db_block_size越大越好.
SGA=((db_block_buffers * block size)+(shared_pool_size+large_pool_size+java_pool_size+log_buffers)+1MB
理论上SGA可占OS系统物理内存的1/2——1/3，我们可以根据需求调整
我推荐SGA=0.45*(OS RAM)
假设服务器运行ORACLE 8.1.X 版本, OS系统内存为2G MEM, db_block_size 是8192 bytes,
除了运行ORACLE数据库外, 没有其它的应用程序或服务器软件.
这样SGA合计约为921M ( 0.45*2048M ),
设shared_pool_size 300M (300*1024*1024 bytes)
设database buffer cache 570M (72960*8192 bytes)
initorasid.ora文件里具体各参数如下:
shared_pool_size = 314572800
# 300 M
db_block_buffers = 72960
# 570 M
log_buffer = 524288
# 512k (128K*CPU个数)
large_pool_size = 31457280
# 30 M
java_pool_size = 20971520
# 20 M
sort_area_size = 524288
# 512k (65k--2M)
sort_area_retained_size = 524288
# MTS 时 sort_area_retained_size = sort_area_size
SUN Solaris里/etc/system文件里的几个参数同样跟内存分配有关
ORACLE安装时缺省的设置: 建议修改的设置:
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmax=4294967295
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmin=1
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmni=100
set shmsys:shminfo_shmseg=15
set semsys:seminfo_semmns=200
set semsys:seminfo_semmni=70
set ulimit=3000000
set semsys:seminfo_semmni=315
set semsys:seminfo_semmsl=300
set semsys:seminfo_semmns=630
set semsys:seminfo_semopm=315
set semsys:seminfo_semvmx=32767
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmax=4294967295
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmni=315
set shmsys:shminfo_shmseg=10
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmin=1
其中这些参数的含义
shmmax - 共享内存段，建议设大点， 达到最大SGA
shmmin - 最小的共享内存段.
shmmni - 共享内存标志符的数量.
shmseg - 一个进程可分配的最大内存段数.
shmall - 最大可允许的内存数，比SGA还要大.
semmns - 信号灯，跟ORACLE的PROCESS数有关.
semmsl - 一个信号灯中最大的信号灯数.
---------------------------------------------------------------
分析你的init.ora
shared pool 31,457,280 #30M
data buffers 4326*8192= 35,438,592 #35M
large pool 614,400 #600K
#多线程
mts_dispatchers = "(protocol=TCP)(tick=15)(pool=true)"
---------------------
这样，如果你认为你的语句已经优化了，如果你的内存也不是太大的话。
对于 shared pool和data buffers的大小已经够了。
但是，你又用了多线程，又只把large pool配置了600k
你要么先把多线程去掉，要么把large pool加大（30M)试试（多线程用到了large pool）。
最后，把你的init文件中的一些参数还调整一下
db_file_multiblock_read_count = 8 #可以加大到16 or 32试试
把
oracle_trace_collection_name = ""
system_plan
shared_pool_size 以字节为单位，指定共享池的大小。共享池包含如: 共享游标、存储的过程、控制结构和并行执行消息缓冲区等对象。较大的值能改善多用户系统的性能。这个值不需要太大，一般不超过150M
db_block_buffers 缓冲区高速缓存中 Oracle 块的数量。database_buffers=db_block_buffers×db_block_size.这个值越大越好，只要整个SGA不超过系统物理内存限制，给最大值
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