ORA-01034: ORACLE not available Cause: Oracle was not started up. Possible causes include the following: - The SGA requires more space than was allocated for it.- The operating-system variable pointing to the instance is improperly defined.Action: Refer to accompanying messages for possible causes and correct the problem mentioned in the other messages. If Oracle has been initialized, then on some operating systems, verify that Oracle was linked correctly. See the platform specific Oracle documentation.
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist Cause: Unable to locate shared memory realm Action: Verify that the realm is accessible
ORADIM.LOG 后面的一些内容是 ： Fri Dec 18 22:34:20 2009ORA-12638: 身份证明检索失败Sat Dec 19 23:58:32 2009ORA-12638: 身份证明检索失败Sun Dec 20 16:24:57 2009 ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channelSun Dec 20 16:28:30 2009ORA-12638: 身份证明检索失败Sun Dec 20 16:31:19 2009 ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channelSun Dec 20 16:52:28 2009 ORA-01034: ORACLE not available ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not existSun Dec 20 16:53:31 2009 ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channelSun Dec 20 18:32:16 2009ORA-12638: 身份证明检索失败Sun Dec 20 18:59:17 2009 ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
这样试试： 开始 -> 程序 -> Oracle -> Configuration and Migration Tools -> Net Manager→本地→概要文件→Oracle高级安全性→验证→去掉所选方法中的 "NTS"
数据库有问题，还没有启动呢？建议用create pfile='xxxx' from spfile;然后看看导出的pfile文件，确定正确后，用startup pfile='xxxxx' 从这个pfile启动成功后，在create spfile from pfile='xxxx' 把spfile文件覆盖。
出错的过程：我今天在学ORACLE数据库时，学到数据库的三种状态，即nomount,mount和OPEN。因为之前我看到过关于静态参数文件PFILE的一种创建方式为从内存创建：create pfile='d:\chen.ora' from memory 。而这一创建过程的前提是数据库启动在nomount状态下。于是我首先shutdown了下，又重新启动数据库进入nomount:startup nomount.然后从内存创建PFILE，命令之前也写了。结果出错了，原因是memory这个语法词不识别，原来这是11G中的命令，而我的是9I,于是我shutdown了下。结果就出错了。我也没在意，我又重新登陆了下，于是乎出现了楼主的问题。很恼火。 解决过程：后来查看ORACLE_HOME下oradim.log文件发现错误为"Sun Nov 21 21:01:52 2010ORA-12638: 身份证明检索失败"，于是我找到同样位于ORACLE_HOME\network\admin\sqlnet.ora文件（说明下每个人的ORACLE_HOME不同，我的为f:\oracle\oracle92）。把其中的参SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)改为QLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NONE),重启下oracle后台服务，即控制面板---管理工具-----服务找到ORACLESERVICESID(我的SID为CHEN,这在安装的时候设置的，不同的人设置的可能不同)，重新登陆sqlplus，问题解决。
1. Oracle sid 正确？
2. Oracle home 正确？
3. 检查下数据库的状态。 是否运行正常。
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Cause: Oracle was not started up. Possible causes include the following:
- The SGA requires more space than was allocated for it.- The operating-system variable pointing to the instance is improperly defined.Action: Refer to accompanying messages for possible causes and correct the problem mentioned in the other messages. If Oracle has been initialized, then on some operating systems, verify that Oracle was linked correctly. See the platform specific Oracle documentation.
Cause: Unable to locate shared memory realm
Action: Verify that the realm is accessible
如果里边有这个错误 ORA-12640: 验证适配器初始化失败
那么问题就是他了 到NETWORK\ADMIN下面找sqlnet.ora文件
把sqlnet.authentication_services=(NTS) 改成
sqlnet.authentication_services=(NONE)
ORADIM.LOG 后面的一些内容是 ：
Fri Dec 18 22:34:20 2009ORA-12638: 身份证明检索失败Sat Dec 19 23:58:32 2009ORA-12638: 身份证明检索失败Sun Dec 20 16:24:57 2009
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channelSun Dec 20 16:28:30 2009ORA-12638: 身份证明检索失败Sun Dec 20 16:31:19 2009
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channelSun Dec 20 16:52:28 2009
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not existSun Dec 20 16:53:31 2009
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channelSun Dec 20 18:32:16 2009ORA-12638: 身份证明检索失败Sun Dec 20 18:59:17 2009
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
开始 -> 程序 -> Oracle -> Configuration and Migration Tools ->
Net Manager→本地→概要文件→Oracle高级安全性→验证→去掉所选方法中的 "NTS"
shutdown immediate;
startup
试试
sqlplus / as sysdba ;二种是 比如sid = orcl ;
在cmd 中set oracle_sid = orcl ;
sqlplus wu/wu@orcl ;
另外，出现这种情况，是不是应该考虑下SGA自动管理。
解决过程：后来查看ORACLE_HOME下oradim.log文件发现错误为"Sun Nov 21 21:01:52 2010ORA-12638: 身份证明检索失败"，于是我找到同样位于ORACLE_HOME\network\admin\sqlnet.ora文件（说明下每个人的ORACLE_HOME不同，我的为f:\oracle\oracle92）。把其中的参SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)改为QLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NONE),重启下oracle后台服务，即控制面板---管理工具-----服务找到ORACLESERVICESID(我的SID为CHEN,这在安装的时候设置的，不同的人设置的可能不同)，重新登陆sqlplus，问题解决。