GetSystemDirectory VB声明 Declare Function GetSystemDirectory Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetSystemDirectoryA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long) As Long 说明 这个函数能取得Windows系统目录（System目录）的完整路径名。在这个目录中，包含了所有必要的系统文件。根据微软的标准，其他定制控件和一些共享组件也可放到这个目录。通常应避免在这个目录里创建文件。在网络环境中，往往需要管理员权限才可对这个目录进行写操作 返回值 Long，装载到lpBuffer缓冲区的字符数量。如lpBuffer不够大，不能容下文件名，则返回要求的缓冲区长度 参数表 参数 类型及说明 lpBuffer String，用于装载系统目录路径名的一个字串缓冲区。它应事先初始化成nSize+1个字符的长度。通常至少要为这个缓冲区分配MAX_PATH个字符的长度 nSize Long，lpBuffer字串的最大长度
Declare Function GetWindowsDirectory Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetWindowsDirectoryA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long) As Long'得到WINDOWS目录 Declare Function GetSystemDirectory Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetSystemDirectoryA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long) As Long Public Const MAX_PATH = 260‘得到SYSTEM目录 COMMAND1_CLICK() Dim rtn Dim Buffer As String Buffer = Space(MAX_PATH) rtn = GetSystemDirectory(Buffer, Len(Buffer)) WinSysPath = Left(Buffer, rtn) END SUB
Private Declare Function GetWindowsDirectory Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetWindowsDirectoryA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long) As Long Private Declare Function GetSystemDirectory Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetSystemDirectoryA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long) As LongPrivate Sub Command1_Click() Dim b As String Dim p As Integer b = Space(260) p = GetWindowsDirectory(b, Len(b)) WinPath = Left(b, p) Text1.Text = WinPath End SubPrivate Sub Command2_Click() Dim b As String Dim p As Integer b = Space(260) p = GetSystemDirectory(b, Len(b)) WinSysPath = Left(b, p) text2.Text = WinSysPath End SubPrivate Sub Command3_Click() End End Sub 注：请在窗体上加上两个文本框和三个按钮即可。
现在有很多关于如何用VB获得Windows目录的文章,但大都只讲到如何获得Windows目录和System目录，有时候我们却需要获得像"我的文档"这样的目录（"我的文档"的路径并不是固定的，可以由自己设定，也有可能因为系统的安装路径不同而不同），那又该如何处理呢？下面我们来具体谈谈如何用VB获得这种路径。 先向大家介绍两个ＡＰＩ函数，这两个函数分别是SHGetSpecialFolderLocation和SHGetPathFromIDList，这就是我们用来获得各种路径的武器。函数声明: Private Declare Function SHGetSpecialFolderLocation Lib "Shell32" (ByVal hwndOwner As Long, ByVal nFolder As Integer, ppidl As Long) As Long Private Declare Function SHGetPathFromIDList Lib "Shell32" Alias "SHGetPathFromIDListA" (ByVal pidl As Long, ByVal szPath As String) As Long 函数功能及参数说明： SHGetSpecialFolderLocation：获得某个特殊目录在特殊目录列表中的位置；它有三个参数，第一个参数是用来指定所有者窗口的，在应用中一般我们写上"0"就可以了；第二个参数是一个整数id，它决定要查找的目录是哪一个目录，它的取值可能如下： &H0& '桌面 &H2& '程序集 &H5& '我的文档 &H6& '收藏夹 &H7& '启动 &H8& '最近打开的文件 &H9& '发送 &HB& '开始菜单 &H13& '网上邻居 &H14& '字体 &H15& 'ShellNew &H1A& 'Application Data &H1B& 'PrintHood &H20& '网页临时文件 &H21& 'Cookies目录 &H22& '历史 第三个参数是获得的特殊目录在特殊目录列表中的地址。 SHGetPathFromIDList：根据某特殊目录在特殊目录列表中的地址获取该目录的准确路径。它有两个参数，第一个参数是特殊目录在特殊目录列表中的地址，也即上一个函数所获得的地址；第二个参数是一个字符串型数据，用来保存返回的特殊目录的准确路径。 比如：为了获得DeskTop的路径，首先需调用SHGetSpecialFolderLocation获得DeskTop在特殊目录列表中的位置Pid，然后调用SHGetPathFromIDList函数获得Pid指向的列表内容，即DeskTop的准确路径。 下面是我编写的一个用来获取Windows各种目录路径的例子，供大家参考。如果您有什么问题或建议，欢迎给我来信([email protected])。 程序界面如下：程序代码如下： Private Declare Function SHGetSpecialFolderLocation Lib "Shell32" (ByVal hwndOwner As Long, ByVal nFolder As Integer, ppidl As Long) As Long Private Declare Function SHGetPathFromIDList Lib "Shell32" Alias "SHGetPathFromIDListA" (ByVal pidl As Long, ByVal szPath As String) As Long Private Declare Function GetWindowsDirectory Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetWindowsDirectoryA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long) As Long Private Declare Function GetSystemDirectory Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetSystemDirectoryA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long) As Long Private Declare Function GetTempPath Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetTempPathA" (ByVal nBufferLength As Long, ByVal lpBuffer As String) As Long Const MAX_LEN = 200 '字符串最大长度 Const DESKTOP = &H0& '桌面 Const PROGRAMS = &H2& '程序集 Const MYDOCUMENTS = &H5& '我的文档 Const MYFAVORITES = &H6& '收藏夹 Const STARTUP = &H7& '启动 Const RECENT = &H8& '最近打开的文件 Const SENDTO = &H9& '发送 Const STARTMENU = &HB& '开始菜单 Const NETHOOD = &H13& '网上邻居 Const FONTS = &H14& '字体 Const SHELLNEW = &H15& 'ShellNew Const APPDATA = &H1A& 'Application Data Const PRINTHOOD = &H1B& 'PrintHood Const PAGETMP = &H20& '网页临时文件 Const COOKIES = &H21& 'Cookies目录 Const HISTORY = &H22& '历史 Private Sub Command2_Click() End End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() Dim sTmp As String * MAX_LEN '存放结果的固定长度的字符串 Dim nLength As Long '字符串的实际长度 Dim pidl As Long '某特殊目录在特殊目录列表中的位置 '*************************获得Windows目录********************************** Length = GetWindowsDirectory(sTmp, MAX_LEN) txtWin.Text = Left(sTmp, Length) '*************************获得System目录*********************************** Length = GetSystemDirectory(sTmp, MAX_LEN) txtSystem.Text = Left(sTmp, Length) '*************************获得Temp目录*********************************** Length = GetTempPath(MAX_LEN, sTmp) txtTemp.Text = Left(sTmp, Length) '*************************获得DeskTop目录********************************** SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, DESKTOP, pidl SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp txtDesktop.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1) '*************************获得发送到目录********************************** SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, SENDTO, pidl SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp txtSendTo.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1) '*************************获得我的文档目录********************************* SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, MYDOCUMENTS, pidl SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp txtDocument.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1) '*************************获得程序集目录*********************************** SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, PROGRAMS, pidl SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp txtProgram.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1) '*************************获得启动目录************************************* SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, STARTUP, pidl SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp txtStart.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1) '*************************获得开始菜单目录********************************* SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, STARTMENU, pidl SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp txtStartMenu.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1) '*************************获得收藏夹目录*********************************** SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, MYFAVORITES, pidl SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp txtFavorites.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1) '**********************获得最后打开的文件目录******************************* SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, RECENT, pidl SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp txtRecent.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1) '*************************获得网上邻居目录********************************* SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, NETHOOD, pidl SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp txtNetHood.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1) '*************************获得字体目录********************************** SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, FONTS, pidl SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp txtFonts.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1) '*************************获得Cookies目录********************************** SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, COOKIES, pidl SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp txtCookies.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1) '*************************获得历史目录********************************** SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, HISTORY, pidl SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp txtHistory.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1) '***********************获得网页临时文件目录******************************* SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, PAGETMP, pidl SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp txtPageTmp.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1) '*************************获得ShellNew目录********************************* SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, SHELLNEW, pidl SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp txtShellNew.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1) '***********************获得Application Data目录***************************** SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, APPDATA, pidl SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp txtAppData.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1) '*************************获得PrintHood目录********************************* SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, PRINTHOOD, pidl SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp txtPrintHood.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1) End Sub
Declare Function GetSystemDirectory Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetSystemDirectoryA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long) As Long
说明
这个函数能取得Windows系统目录（System目录）的完整路径名。在这个目录中，包含了所有必要的系统文件。根据微软的标准，其他定制控件和一些共享组件也可放到这个目录。通常应避免在这个目录里创建文件。在网络环境中，往往需要管理员权限才可对这个目录进行写操作
返回值
Long，装载到lpBuffer缓冲区的字符数量。如lpBuffer不够大，不能容下文件名，则返回要求的缓冲区长度
参数表
参数 类型及说明
lpBuffer String，用于装载系统目录路径名的一个字串缓冲区。它应事先初始化成nSize+1个字符的长度。通常至少要为这个缓冲区分配MAX_PATH个字符的长度
nSize Long，lpBuffer字串的最大长度
Declare Function GetSystemDirectory Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetSystemDirectoryA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long) As Long
Public Const MAX_PATH = 260‘得到SYSTEM目录
COMMAND1_CLICK()
Dim rtn
Dim Buffer As String
Buffer = Space(MAX_PATH)
rtn = GetSystemDirectory(Buffer, Len(Buffer))
WinSysPath = Left(Buffer, rtn)
END SUB
Private Declare Function GetSystemDirectory Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetSystemDirectoryA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long) As LongPrivate Sub Command1_Click()
Dim b As String
Dim p As Integer
b = Space(260)
p = GetWindowsDirectory(b, Len(b))
WinPath = Left(b, p)
Text1.Text = WinPath
End SubPrivate Sub Command2_Click()
Dim b As String
Dim p As Integer
b = Space(260)
p = GetSystemDirectory(b, Len(b))
WinSysPath = Left(b, p)
text2.Text = WinSysPath
End SubPrivate Sub Command3_Click()
End
End Sub
注：请在窗体上加上两个文本框和三个按钮即可。
先向大家介绍两个ＡＰＩ函数，这两个函数分别是SHGetSpecialFolderLocation和SHGetPathFromIDList，这就是我们用来获得各种路径的武器。函数声明:
Private Declare Function SHGetSpecialFolderLocation Lib "Shell32" (ByVal hwndOwner As Long, ByVal nFolder As Integer, ppidl As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function SHGetPathFromIDList Lib "Shell32" Alias "SHGetPathFromIDListA" (ByVal pidl As Long, ByVal szPath As String) As Long
函数功能及参数说明：
SHGetSpecialFolderLocation：获得某个特殊目录在特殊目录列表中的位置；它有三个参数，第一个参数是用来指定所有者窗口的，在应用中一般我们写上"0"就可以了；第二个参数是一个整数id，它决定要查找的目录是哪一个目录，它的取值可能如下：
&H0& '桌面
&H2& '程序集
&H5& '我的文档
&H6& '收藏夹
&H7& '启动
&H8& '最近打开的文件
&H9& '发送
&HB& '开始菜单
&H13& '网上邻居
&H14& '字体
&H15& 'ShellNew
&H1A& 'Application Data
&H1B& 'PrintHood
&H20& '网页临时文件
&H21& 'Cookies目录
&H22& '历史
第三个参数是获得的特殊目录在特殊目录列表中的地址。
SHGetPathFromIDList：根据某特殊目录在特殊目录列表中的地址获取该目录的准确路径。它有两个参数，第一个参数是特殊目录在特殊目录列表中的地址，也即上一个函数所获得的地址；第二个参数是一个字符串型数据，用来保存返回的特殊目录的准确路径。
比如：为了获得DeskTop的路径，首先需调用SHGetSpecialFolderLocation获得DeskTop在特殊目录列表中的位置Pid，然后调用SHGetPathFromIDList函数获得Pid指向的列表内容，即DeskTop的准确路径。 下面是我编写的一个用来获取Windows各种目录路径的例子，供大家参考。如果您有什么问题或建议，欢迎给我来信([email protected])。
程序界面如下：程序代码如下：
Private Declare Function SHGetSpecialFolderLocation Lib "Shell32" (ByVal hwndOwner As Long, ByVal nFolder As Integer, ppidl As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function SHGetPathFromIDList Lib "Shell32" Alias "SHGetPathFromIDListA" (ByVal pidl As Long, ByVal szPath As String) As Long
Private Declare Function GetWindowsDirectory Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetWindowsDirectoryA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function GetSystemDirectory Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetSystemDirectoryA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function GetTempPath Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetTempPathA" (ByVal nBufferLength As Long, ByVal lpBuffer As String) As Long
Const MAX_LEN = 200 '字符串最大长度
Const DESKTOP = &H0& '桌面
Const PROGRAMS = &H2& '程序集
Const MYDOCUMENTS = &H5& '我的文档
Const MYFAVORITES = &H6& '收藏夹
Const STARTUP = &H7& '启动
Const RECENT = &H8& '最近打开的文件
Const SENDTO = &H9& '发送
Const STARTMENU = &HB& '开始菜单
Const NETHOOD = &H13& '网上邻居
Const FONTS = &H14& '字体
Const SHELLNEW = &H15& 'ShellNew
Const APPDATA = &H1A& 'Application Data
Const PRINTHOOD = &H1B& 'PrintHood
Const PAGETMP = &H20& '网页临时文件
Const COOKIES = &H21& 'Cookies目录
Const HISTORY = &H22& '历史
Private Sub Command2_Click()
End
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
Dim sTmp As String * MAX_LEN '存放结果的固定长度的字符串
Dim nLength As Long '字符串的实际长度
Dim pidl As Long '某特殊目录在特殊目录列表中的位置
'*************************获得Windows目录**********************************
Length = GetWindowsDirectory(sTmp, MAX_LEN)
txtWin.Text = Left(sTmp, Length)
'*************************获得System目录***********************************
Length = GetSystemDirectory(sTmp, MAX_LEN)
txtSystem.Text = Left(sTmp, Length)
'*************************获得Temp目录***********************************
Length = GetTempPath(MAX_LEN, sTmp)
txtTemp.Text = Left(sTmp, Length)
'*************************获得DeskTop目录**********************************
SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, DESKTOP, pidl
SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp
txtDesktop.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)
'*************************获得发送到目录**********************************
SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, SENDTO, pidl
SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp
txtSendTo.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)
'*************************获得我的文档目录*********************************
SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, MYDOCUMENTS, pidl
SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp
txtDocument.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)
'*************************获得程序集目录***********************************
SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, PROGRAMS, pidl
SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp
txtProgram.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)
'*************************获得启动目录*************************************
SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, STARTUP, pidl
SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp
txtStart.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)
'*************************获得开始菜单目录*********************************
SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, STARTMENU, pidl
SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp
txtStartMenu.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)
'*************************获得收藏夹目录***********************************
SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, MYFAVORITES, pidl
SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp
txtFavorites.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)
'**********************获得最后打开的文件目录*******************************
SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, RECENT, pidl
SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp
txtRecent.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)
'*************************获得网上邻居目录*********************************
SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, NETHOOD, pidl
SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp
txtNetHood.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)
'*************************获得字体目录**********************************
SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, FONTS, pidl
SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp
txtFonts.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)
'*************************获得Cookies目录**********************************
SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, COOKIES, pidl
SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp
txtCookies.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)
'*************************获得历史目录**********************************
SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, HISTORY, pidl
SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp
txtHistory.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)
'***********************获得网页临时文件目录*******************************
SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, PAGETMP, pidl
SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp
txtPageTmp.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)
'*************************获得ShellNew目录*********************************
SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, SHELLNEW, pidl
SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp
txtShellNew.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)
'***********************获得Application Data目录*****************************
SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, APPDATA, pidl
SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp
txtAppData.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)
'*************************获得PrintHood目录*********************************
SHGetSpecialFolderLocation 0, PRINTHOOD, pidl
SHGetPathFromIDList pidl, sTmp
txtPrintHood.Text = Left(sTmp, InStr(sTmp, Chr(0)) - 1)
End Sub