Virtual-Key CodesThe following table shows the symbolic constant names, hexadecimal values, and keyboard equivalents for the virtual-key codes used by the Microsoft Windows operating system. The codes are listed in numeric order. Symbolic constant name Value (hexadecimal) Mouse or keyboard equivalent VK_LBUTTON 01 Left mouse button VK_RBUTTON 02 Right mouse button VK_CANCEL 03 Control-break processing VK_MBUTTON 04 Middle mouse button (three-button mouse) ? 05-07 Undefined VK_BACK 08 BACKSPACE key VK_TAB 09 TAB key ? 0A-0B Undefined VK_CLEAR 0C CLEAR key VK_RETURN 0D ENTER key ? 0E-0F Undefined VK_SHIFT 10 SHIFT key VK_CONTROL 11 CTRL key VK_MENU 12 ALT key VK_PAUSE 13 PAUSE key VK_CAPITAL 14 CAPS LOCK key ? 15-19 Reserved for Kanji systems ? 1A Undefined VK_ESCAPE 1B ESC key ? 1C-1F Reserved for Kanji systems VK_SPACE 20 SPACEBAR VK_PRIOR 21 PAGE UP key VK_NEXT 22 PAGE DOWN key VK_END 23 END key VK_HOME 24 HOME key VK_LEFT 25 LEFT ARROW key VK_UP 26 UP ARROW key VK_RIGHT 27 RIGHT ARROW key VK_DOWN 28 DOWN ARROW key VK_SELECT 29 SELECT key ? 2A Original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specific VK_EXECUTE 2B EXECUTE key VK_SNAPSHOT 2C PRINT SCREEN key for Windows 3.0 and later VK_INSERT 2D INS key VK_DELETE 2E DEL key VK_HELP 2F HELP key VK_0 30 0 key VK_1 31 1 key VK_2 32 2 key VK_3 33 3 key VK_4 34 4 key VK_5 35 5 key VK_6 36 6 key VK_7 37 7 key VK_8 38 8 key VK_9 39 9 key ? 3A-40 Undefined VK_A 41 A key VK_B 42 B key VK_C 43 C key VK_D 44 D key VK_E 45 E key VK_F 46 F key VK_G 47 G key VK_H 48 H key VK_I 49 I key VK_J 4A J key VK_K 4B K key VK_L 4C L key VK_M 4D M key VK_N 4E N key VK_O 4F O key VK_P 50 P key VK_Q 51 Q key VK_R 52 R key VK_S 53 S key VK_T 54 T key VK_U 55 U key VK_V 56 V key VK_W 57 W key VK_X 58 X key VK_Y 59 Y key VK_Z 5A Z key VK_LWIN 5B Left Windows key (Microsoft Natural Keyboard) VK_RWIN 5C Right Windows key (Microsoft Natural Keyboard) VK_APPS 5D Applications key (Microsoft Natural Keyboard) ? 5E-5F Undefined VK_NUMPAD0 60 Numeric keypad 0 key VK_NUMPAD1 61 Numeric keypad 1 key VK_NUMPAD2 62 Numeric keypad 2 key VK_NUMPAD3 63 Numeric keypad 3 key VK_NUMPAD4 64 Numeric keypad 4 key VK_NUMPAD5 65 Numeric keypad 5 key VK_NUMPAD6 66 Numeric keypad 6 key VK_NUMPAD7 67 Numeric keypad 7 key VK_NUMPAD8 68 Numeric keypad 8 key VK_NUMPAD9 69 Numeric keypad 9 key VK_MULTIPLY 6A Multiply key VK_ADD 6B Add key VK_SEPARATOR 6C Separator key VK_SUBTRACT 6D Subtract key VK_DECIMAL 6E Decimal key VK_DIVIDE 6F Divide key VK_F1 70 F1 key VK_F2 71 F2 key VK_F3 72 F3 key VK_F4 73 F4 key VK_F5 74 F5 key VK_F6 75 F6 key VK_F7 76 F7 key VK_F8 77 F8 key VK_F9 78 F9 key VK_F10 79 F10 key VK_F11 7A F11 key VK_F12 7B F12 key VK_F13 7C F13 key VK_F14 7D F14 key VK_F15 7E F15 key VK_F16 7F F16 key VK_F17 80H F17 key VK_F18 81H F18 key VK_F19 82H F19 key VK_F20 83H F20 key VK_F21 84H F21 key VK_F22 85H F22 key VK_F23 86H F23 key VK_F24 87H F24 key ? 88-8F Unassigned VK_NUMLOCK 90 NUM LOCK key VK_SCROLL 91 SCROLL LOCK key ? 92-B9 Unassigned ? BA-C0 OEM specific ? C1-DA Unassigned ? DB-E4 OEM specific ? E5 Unassigned ? E6 OEM specific ? E7-E8 Unassigned ? E9-F5 OEM specific VK_ATTN F6 Attn key VK_CRSEL F7 CrSel key VK_EXSEL F8 ExSel key VK_EREOF F9 Erase EOF key VK_PLAY FA Play key VK_ZOOM FB Zoom key VK_NONAME FC Reserved for future use. VK_PA1 FD PA1 key VK_OEM_CLEAR FE Clear key
Scroll Bar RequestsThe user makes scrolling requests by clicking various parts of a scroll bar. Windows sends the request to the given window in the form of a WM_HSCROLL or WM_VSCROLL message. A horizontal scroll bar sends the WM_HSCROLL message; a vertical scroll bar sends the WM_VSCROLL message. Each message includes a notification code that corresponds to the user's action, to the handle of the scroll bar (scroll bar controls only), and, in some cases, to the position of the scroll box. The following figure shows the notification messages that the user generates when clicking various parts of a scroll bar. The scroll bar notification codes specify the action the user takes. An application examines the codes that accompany the WM_HSCROLL and WM_VSCROLL messages and then performs the appropriate scrolling operation. In the following table of notification messages, the user's action is specified for each message, followed by the application's response. In each case, a unit is defined by the application as appropriate for the given data. For example, the typical unit for scrolling text vertically is a line of text. Notification message Action Response SB_LINEUP The user clicks the top scroll arrow. Decrements the scroll box position; scrolls toward the top of the data by one unit. SB_LINEDOWN The user clicks the bottom scroll arrow. Increments the scroll box position; scrolls toward the bottom of the data by one unit. SB_LINELEFT The user clicks the left scroll arrow. Decrements the scroll box position; scrolls toward the left end of the data by one unit. SB_LINERIGHT The user clicks the right scroll arrow. Increments the scroll box position; scrolls toward the right end of the data by one unit. SB_PAGEUP The user clicks the scroll bar shaft above the scroll box. Decrements the scroll box position by the number of data units in the window; scrolls toward the top of the data by the same number of units. SB_PAGEDOWN The user clicks the scroll bar shaft below the scroll box. Increments the scroll box position by the number of data units in the window; scrolls toward the bottom of the data by the same number of units. SB_PAGELEFT The user clicks the scroll bar shaft to the left of the scroll box. Decrements the scroll box position by the number of data units in the window; scrolls toward the left end of the data by the same number of units. SB_PAGERIGHT The user clicks the scroll bar shaft to the right of the scroll box. Increments the scroll box position by the number of data units in the window; scrolls toward the right end of the data by the same number of units. SB_THUMBPOSITION The user releases the scroll box after dragging it. Sets the scroll box to the position given in the message; scrolls the data by the same number of units the scroll box has moved. SB_THUMBTRACK The user drags the scroll box. Sets the scroll box to the position given in the message and scrolls the data by the same number of units the scroll box has moved for applications that draw data quickly. Applications that cannot draw data quickly must wait for the SB_THUMBPOSITION message before moving the scroll box and scrolling the data. SB_ENDSCROLL The user releases the mouse after holding it on an arrow or in the scroll bar shaft. No response is needed. A scroll bar generates the SB_THUMBPOSITION and SB_THUMBTRACK notification messages when the user clicks and drags the scroll box. An application should be programmed to process either the SB_THUMBTRACK or the SB_THUMBPOSITION notification message. The SB_THUMBPOSITION notification message occurs when the user releases the mouse button after clicking the scroll box. An application that processes this message performs the scrolling operation after the user has dragged the scroll box to the desired position and released the mouse button. SB_THUMBTRACK notification messages occur as the user drags the scroll box. If an application processes SB_THUMBTRACK messages, it can scroll the content of a window as the user drags the scroll box. However, a scroll bar can generate many SB_THUMBTRACK notification messages in a short period, so an application should process these messages only if it can quickly repaint the content of the window.
SB_:Status Bars Messages
SB_:Status Bars Messages：状态栏消息
VK_LBUTTON 01 Left mouse button
VK_RBUTTON 02 Right mouse button
VK_CANCEL 03 Control-break processing
VK_MBUTTON 04 Middle mouse button (three-button mouse)
? 05-07 Undefined
VK_BACK 08 BACKSPACE key
VK_TAB 09 TAB key
? 0A-0B Undefined
VK_CLEAR 0C CLEAR key
VK_RETURN 0D ENTER key
? 0E-0F Undefined
VK_SHIFT 10 SHIFT key
VK_CONTROL 11 CTRL key
VK_MENU 12 ALT key
VK_PAUSE 13 PAUSE key
VK_CAPITAL 14 CAPS LOCK key
? 15-19 Reserved for Kanji systems
? 1A Undefined
VK_ESCAPE 1B ESC key
? 1C-1F Reserved for Kanji systems
VK_SPACE 20 SPACEBAR
VK_PRIOR 21 PAGE UP key
VK_NEXT 22 PAGE DOWN key
VK_END 23 END key
VK_HOME 24 HOME key
VK_LEFT 25 LEFT ARROW key
VK_UP 26 UP ARROW key
VK_RIGHT 27 RIGHT ARROW key
VK_DOWN 28 DOWN ARROW key
VK_SELECT 29 SELECT key
? 2A Original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specific
VK_EXECUTE 2B EXECUTE key
VK_SNAPSHOT 2C PRINT SCREEN key for Windows 3.0 and later
VK_INSERT 2D INS key
VK_DELETE 2E DEL key
VK_HELP 2F HELP key
VK_0 30 0 key
VK_1 31 1 key
VK_2 32 2 key
VK_3 33 3 key
VK_4 34 4 key
VK_5 35 5 key
VK_6 36 6 key
VK_7 37 7 key
VK_8 38 8 key
VK_9 39 9 key
? 3A-40 Undefined
VK_A 41 A key
VK_B 42 B key
VK_C 43 C key
VK_D 44 D key
VK_E 45 E key
VK_F 46 F key
VK_G 47 G key
VK_H 48 H key
VK_I 49 I key
VK_J 4A J key
VK_K 4B K key
VK_L 4C L key
VK_M 4D M key
VK_N 4E N key
VK_O 4F O key
VK_P 50 P key
VK_Q 51 Q key
VK_R 52 R key
VK_S 53 S key
VK_T 54 T key
VK_U 55 U key
VK_V 56 V key
VK_W 57 W key
VK_X 58 X key
VK_Y 59 Y key
VK_Z 5A Z key
VK_LWIN 5B Left Windows key (Microsoft Natural Keyboard)
VK_RWIN 5C Right Windows key (Microsoft Natural Keyboard)
VK_APPS 5D Applications key (Microsoft Natural Keyboard)
? 5E-5F Undefined
VK_NUMPAD0 60 Numeric keypad 0 key
VK_NUMPAD1 61 Numeric keypad 1 key
VK_NUMPAD2 62 Numeric keypad 2 key
VK_NUMPAD3 63 Numeric keypad 3 key
VK_NUMPAD4 64 Numeric keypad 4 key
VK_NUMPAD5 65 Numeric keypad 5 key
VK_NUMPAD6 66 Numeric keypad 6 key
VK_NUMPAD7 67 Numeric keypad 7 key
VK_NUMPAD8 68 Numeric keypad 8 key
VK_NUMPAD9 69 Numeric keypad 9 key
VK_MULTIPLY 6A Multiply key
VK_ADD 6B Add key
VK_SEPARATOR 6C Separator key
VK_SUBTRACT 6D Subtract key
VK_DECIMAL 6E Decimal key
VK_DIVIDE 6F Divide key
VK_F1 70 F1 key
VK_F2 71 F2 key
VK_F3 72 F3 key
VK_F4 73 F4 key
VK_F5 74 F5 key
VK_F6 75 F6 key
VK_F7 76 F7 key
VK_F8 77 F8 key
VK_F9 78 F9 key
VK_F10 79 F10 key
VK_F11 7A F11 key
VK_F12 7B F12 key
VK_F13 7C F13 key
VK_F14 7D F14 key
VK_F15 7E F15 key
VK_F16 7F F16 key
VK_F17 80H F17 key
VK_F18 81H F18 key
VK_F19 82H F19 key
VK_F20 83H F20 key
VK_F21 84H F21 key
VK_F22 85H F22 key
VK_F23 86H F23 key
VK_F24 87H F24 key
? 88-8F Unassigned
VK_NUMLOCK 90 NUM LOCK key
VK_SCROLL 91 SCROLL LOCK key
? 92-B9 Unassigned
? BA-C0 OEM specific
? C1-DA Unassigned
? DB-E4 OEM specific
? E5 Unassigned
? E6 OEM specific
? E7-E8 Unassigned
? E9-F5 OEM specific
VK_ATTN F6 Attn key
VK_CRSEL F7 CrSel key
VK_EXSEL F8 ExSel key
VK_EREOF F9 Erase EOF key
VK_PLAY FA Play key
VK_ZOOM FB Zoom key
VK_NONAME FC Reserved for future use.
VK_PA1 FD PA1 key
VK_OEM_CLEAR FE Clear key
message
Action
Response
SB_LINEUP The user clicks the top scroll arrow. Decrements the scroll box position; scrolls toward the top of the data by one unit.
SB_LINEDOWN The user clicks the bottom scroll arrow. Increments the scroll box position; scrolls toward the bottom of the data by one unit.
SB_LINELEFT The user clicks the left scroll arrow. Decrements the scroll box position; scrolls toward the left end of the data by one unit.
SB_LINERIGHT The user clicks the right scroll arrow. Increments the scroll box position; scrolls toward the right end of the data by one unit.
SB_PAGEUP The user clicks the scroll bar shaft above the scroll box. Decrements the scroll box position by the number of data units in the window; scrolls toward the top of the data by the same number of units.
SB_PAGEDOWN The user clicks the scroll bar shaft below the scroll box. Increments the scroll box position by the number of data units in the window; scrolls toward the bottom of the data by the same number of units.
SB_PAGELEFT The user clicks the scroll bar shaft to the left of the scroll box. Decrements the scroll box position by the number of data units in the window; scrolls toward the left end of the data by the same number of units.
SB_PAGERIGHT The user clicks the scroll bar shaft to the right of the scroll box. Increments the scroll box position by the number of data units in the window; scrolls toward the right end of the data by the same number of units.
SB_THUMBPOSITION The user releases the scroll box after dragging it. Sets the scroll box to the position given in the message; scrolls the data by the same number of units the scroll box has moved.
SB_THUMBTRACK The user drags the scroll box. Sets the scroll box to the position given in the message and scrolls the data by the same number of units the scroll box has moved for applications that draw data quickly. Applications that cannot draw data quickly must wait for the SB_THUMBPOSITION message before moving the scroll box and scrolling the data.
SB_ENDSCROLL The user releases the mouse after holding it on an arrow or in the scroll bar shaft. No response is needed.
A scroll bar generates the SB_THUMBPOSITION and SB_THUMBTRACK notification messages when the user clicks and drags the scroll box. An application should be programmed to process either the SB_THUMBTRACK or the SB_THUMBPOSITION notification message.
The SB_THUMBPOSITION notification message occurs when the user releases the mouse button after clicking the scroll box. An application that processes this message performs the scrolling operation after the user has dragged the scroll box to the desired position and released the mouse button. SB_THUMBTRACK notification messages occur as the user drags the scroll box. If an application processes SB_THUMBTRACK messages, it can scroll the content of a window as the user drags the scroll box. However, a scroll bar can generate many SB_THUMBTRACK notification messages in a short period, so an application should process these messages only if it can quickly repaint the content of the window.