WinHTTP Sessions Overview The Microsoft Windows HTTP Services (WinHTTP) exposes a set of C/C++ functions that enable your application to access HTTP resources on the Web. This topic provides an overview of how these functions are used to interact with an HTTP server.Using the WinHTTP API to Access the Web Initializing WinHTTP Opening a Request Adding Request Headers Sending a Request Posting Data to the Server Getting Information About a Request Downloading Resources from the Web Using the WinHTTP API to Access the WebThe following diagram shows the order in which WinHTTP functions are typically called when interacting with an HTTP server. The shaded boxes represent functions that generate an HINTERNET handle, while the plain boxes represent functions that use those handles. Initializing WinHTTPBefore interacting with a server, WinHTTP must be initialized by calling WinHttpOpen. WinHttpOpen creates a session context to maintain details about the HTTP session, and returns a session handle. Using this handle, the WinHttpConnect function is then able to specify a target HTTP or Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) server.Note A call to WinHttpConnect does not result in an actual connection to the HTTP server until a request is made for a specific resource. Opening a RequestThe WinHttpOpenRequest function opens an HTTP request for a particular resource and returns an HINTERNET handle that can be used by the other HTTP functions. WinHttpOpenRequest does not send the request to the server when called. The WinHttpSendRequest function actually establishes a connection over the network and sends the request.The following example shows a sample call to WinHttpOpenRequest that uses the default options.HINTERNET hRequest = WinHttpOpenRequest( hConnect, L"GET", NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0); Adding Request HeadersThe WinHttpAddRequestHeaders function allows an application to append additional free-format request headers to the HTTP request handle. It is intended for use by sophisticated applications that require precise control over the requests sent to the HTTP server.The WinHttpAddRequestHeaders function requires an HTTP request handle created by WinHttpOpenRequest, a string that contains the headers, the length of the headers, and any modifiers.The following modifiers can be used with WinHttpAddRequestHeaders.Modifier Description WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD Adds the header if it does not exist. Used with WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_REPLACE. WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD_IF_NEW Adds the header only if it does not already exist; otherwise, an error is returned. WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_COALESCE Merges headers of the same name. WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_COALESCE_WITH_COMMA Merges headers of the same name using a comma. For example, adding "Accept: text/*" followed by "Accept: audio/*" with this flag forms the single header "Accept: text/*, audio/*", causing the first header found to be merged. It is up to the calling application to ensure a cohesive scheme with respect to merged/separate headers. WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_COALESCE_WITH_SEMICOLON Merges headers of the same name using a semicolon. WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_REPLACE Replaces or removes a header. If the header value is empty and the header is found, it is removed. If the header value is not empty, the header value is replaced.
Sending a RequestThe WinHttpSendRequest function establishes a connection to the server and sends the request to the specified site. This function requires an HINTERNET handle created by WinHttpOpenRequest. WinHttpSendRequest can also send additional headers or optional information. The optional information is generally used for operations that write information to the server, such as PUT and POST. After the WinHttpSendRequest function sends the request, the application can use the WinHttpReadData and WinHttpQueryDataAvailable functions on the HINTERNET handle to download the server's resources. Posting Data to the ServerTo post data to a server, the HTTP verb in the call to WinHttpOpenRequest must be either POST or PUT. When WinHttpSendRequest is called, the dwTotalLength parameter should be set to the size of the data in bytes. Then use WinHttpWriteData to post the data to the server.Alternatively, set the lpOptional parameter of WinHttpSendRequest to the address of a buffer that contains data to post to the server. When using this technique, you must set both the dwOptionalLength and dwTotalLength parameters of WinHttpSendRequest to be the size of the data being posted. Calling WinHttpSendRequest in this manner eliminates the need to call WinHttpWriteData. Getting Information About a RequestThe WinHttpQueryHeaders function allows an application to retrieve information about an HTTP request. The function requires an HINTERNET handle created by WinHttpOpenRequest, an information level value, and a buffer length. WinHttpQueryHeaders also accepts a buffer that stores the information and a zero-based header index that enumerates multiple headers with the same name. Use any of the information level values found on the Query Info Flags page with a modifier to control the format in which the information is stored in the lpvBuffer parameter of WinHttpQueryHeaders. Downloading Resources from the WebAfter opening a request with the WinHttpOpenRequest function, sending it to the server with WinHttpSendRequest, and preparing the request handle to receive a response with WinHttpReceiveResponse, the application can use the WinHttpReadData and WinHttpQueryDataAvailable functions to download the resource from the HTTP server. The following sample code shows how to download a resource with secure transaction semantics. The sample code initializes the WinHTTP application programming interface (API), selects a target HTTPS server, and then opens and sends a request for this secure resource. WinHttpQueryDataAvailable is used with the request handle to determine how much data is available for download, and then WinHttpReadData is used to read that data. This process is repeated until the entire document has been retrieved and displayed. DWORD dwSize = 0; DWORD dwDownloaded = 0; LPSTR pszOutBuffer; BOOL bResults = FALSE; HINTERNET hSession = NULL, hConnect = NULL, hRequest = NULL; // Use WinHttpOpen to obtain a session handle. hSession = WinHttpOpen( L"WinHTTP Example/1.0", WINHTTP_ACCESS_TYPE_DEFAULT_PROXY, WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_NAME, WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_BYPASS, 0 ); // Specify an HTTP server. if( hSession ) hConnect = WinHttpConnect( hSession, L"www.microsoft.com", INTERNET_DEFAULT_HTTPS_PORT, 0 ); // Create an HTTP request handle. if( hConnect ) hRequest = WinHttpOpenRequest( hConnect, L"GET", NULL, NULL, WINHTTP_NO_REFERER, WINHTTP_DEFAULT_ACCEPT_TYPES, WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE ); // Send a request. if( hRequest ) bResults = WinHttpSendRequest( hRequest, WINHTTP_NO_ADDITIONAL_HEADERS, 0, WINHTTP_NO_REQUEST_DATA, 0, 0, 0 ); // End the request. if( bResults ) bResults = WinHttpReceiveResponse( hRequest, NULL ); // Keep checking for data until there is nothing left. if( bResults ) { do { // Check for available data. dwSize = 0; if( !WinHttpQueryDataAvailable( hRequest, &dwSize ) ) printf( "Error %u in WinHttpQueryDataAvailable.\n", GetLastError( ) ); // Allocate space for the buffer. pszOutBuffer = new char[dwSize+1]; if( !pszOutBuffer ) { printf( "Out of memory\n" ); dwSize=0; } else { // Read the data. ZeroMemory( pszOutBuffer, dwSize+1 ); if( !WinHttpReadData( hRequest, (LPVOID)pszOutBuffer, dwSize, &dwDownloaded ) ) printf( "Error %u in WinHttpReadData.\n", GetLastError( ) ); else printf( "%s", pszOutBuffer ); // Free the memory allocated to the buffer. delete [] pszOutBuffer; } } while( dwSize > 0 ); } // Report any errors. if( !bResults ) printf( "Error %d has occurred.\n", GetLastError( ) ); // Close any open handles. if( hRequest ) WinHttpCloseHandle( hRequest ); if( hConnect ) WinHttpCloseHandle( hConnect ); if( hSession ) WinHttpCloseHandle( hSession );
再XX.SEND("GET / HTTP/1.0")
不知道楼主是不是这个意思
建议楼主看下HTTP协议
2用winnet类实现.
//第一步:初始化internet DLL,这是第一个被调用的函数
HINTERNET hSession=::InternetOpen("Raw HTML Reader",PRE_CONFIG_INTERNET_ACCESS,
"",INTERNET_INVALID_PORT_NUMBER,0);
//第二步：初始化HTTP session
HINTERNET hConnect=::InternetConnect(hSession,//当前internet会话句柄
m_strServer,//server name
dwPort,//INTERNET_INVALID_PORT_NUMBER,
NULL,//"",//user name
"",//password
INTERNET_SERVICE_HTTP,//Type of service to access
0,0);
//第三步：打开一个HTTP请求句柄
HINTERNET hHttpFile=::HttpOpenRequest(hConnect,"GET",m_strPath,HTTP_VERSION,NULL,0,INTERNET_FLAG_DONT_CACHE,0);
//第四步：发出请求
BOOL bSendRequest=::HttpSendRequest(hHttpFile,NULL,0,0,0);//第五步：得到文件的大小及内容
char achQueryBuf[16];
DWORD dwFileSize;
DWORD dwQueryBufLen=sizeof(achQueryBuf);
BOOL bQuery=::HttpQueryInfo(hHttpFile,HTTP_QUERY_CONTENT_LENGTH,achQueryBuf,&dwQueryBufLen,NULL);
if(bQuery){
dwFileSize=(DWORD)atol(achQueryBuf);//查找成功，指出需要存放文件的内存大小???????
if(dwFileSize>=1024*10)
dwFileSize=1024*10-1;
}
else{
dwFileSize=10*1024-1;//失败，猜出一个最大文件数
}
//分配一个缓冲区给文件数据
char *lpszBuf=new char[dwFileSize+1];
memset(lpszBuf,0,dwFileSize+1);
//读文件
DWORD dwBytesRead;
BOOL bRead=::InternetReadFile(hHttpFile,lpszBuf,dwFileSize+1,&dwBytesRead);
//返回HTML的源码
strcpy(sRetBuffer,lpszBuf);
//清除缓冲区
delete lpszBuf;
lpszBuf=NULL;
// 关闭INTERNET句柄
VERIFY(::InternetCloseHandle(hHttpFile));
VERIFY(::InternetCloseHandle(hConnect));
VERIFY(::InternetCloseHandle(hSession));
模仿http 协议 用tcp发送数据
是这样，
我在linux服务器端开启minihttp进程服务，本来如果我在windows的client端可以以http方式访问这个linux，并且进行读写，下载上传的操作，
现在我需要VC做一个工具，将http方式做的所有操作在VC工具上做到（当然不是以VC来打开网页，我不需要打开网页），我是以VC来做到http方式能做到的事情，我也在看http，可是没看到http下面封装的client和server的连接对话怎么建立的
The Microsoft Windows HTTP Services (WinHTTP) exposes a set of C/C++ functions that enable your application to access HTTP resources on the Web. This topic provides an overview of how these functions are used to interact with an HTTP server.Using the WinHTTP API to Access the Web
Initializing WinHTTP
Opening a Request
Adding Request Headers
Sending a Request
Posting Data to the Server
Getting Information About a Request
Downloading Resources from the Web Using the WinHTTP API to Access the WebThe following diagram shows the order in which WinHTTP functions are typically called when interacting with an HTTP server. The shaded boxes represent functions that generate an HINTERNET handle, while the plain boxes represent functions that use those handles.
Initializing WinHTTPBefore interacting with a server, WinHTTP must be initialized by calling WinHttpOpen. WinHttpOpen creates a session context to maintain details about the HTTP session, and returns a session handle. Using this handle, the WinHttpConnect function is then able to specify a target HTTP or Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) server.Note A call to WinHttpConnect does not result in an actual connection to the HTTP server until a request is made for a specific resource.
Opening a RequestThe WinHttpOpenRequest function opens an HTTP request for a particular resource and returns an HINTERNET handle that can be used by the other HTTP functions. WinHttpOpenRequest does not send the request to the server when called. The WinHttpSendRequest function actually establishes a connection over the network and sends the request.The following example shows a sample call to WinHttpOpenRequest that uses the default options.HINTERNET hRequest = WinHttpOpenRequest( hConnect, L"GET", NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
Adding Request HeadersThe WinHttpAddRequestHeaders function allows an application to append additional free-format request headers to the HTTP request handle. It is intended for use by sophisticated applications that require precise control over the requests sent to the HTTP server.The WinHttpAddRequestHeaders function requires an HTTP request handle created by WinHttpOpenRequest, a string that contains the headers, the length of the headers, and any modifiers.The following modifiers can be used with WinHttpAddRequestHeaders.Modifier Description
WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD Adds the header if it does not exist. Used with WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_REPLACE.
WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD_IF_NEW Adds the header only if it does not already exist; otherwise, an error is returned.
WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_COALESCE Merges headers of the same name.
WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_COALESCE_WITH_COMMA Merges headers of the same name using a comma. For example, adding "Accept: text/*" followed by "Accept: audio/*" with this flag forms the single header "Accept: text/*, audio/*", causing the first header found to be merged. It is up to the calling application to ensure a cohesive scheme with respect to merged/separate headers.
WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_COALESCE_WITH_SEMICOLON Merges headers of the same name using a semicolon.
WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_REPLACE Replaces or removes a header. If the header value is empty and the header is found, it is removed. If the header value is not empty, the header value is replaced.
Posting Data to the ServerTo post data to a server, the HTTP verb in the call to WinHttpOpenRequest must be either POST or PUT. When WinHttpSendRequest is called, the dwTotalLength parameter should be set to the size of the data in bytes. Then use WinHttpWriteData to post the data to the server.Alternatively, set the lpOptional parameter of WinHttpSendRequest to the address of a buffer that contains data to post to the server. When using this technique, you must set both the dwOptionalLength and dwTotalLength parameters of WinHttpSendRequest to be the size of the data being posted. Calling WinHttpSendRequest in this manner eliminates the need to call WinHttpWriteData.
Getting Information About a RequestThe WinHttpQueryHeaders function allows an application to retrieve information about an HTTP request. The function requires an HINTERNET handle created by WinHttpOpenRequest, an information level value, and a buffer length. WinHttpQueryHeaders also accepts a buffer that stores the information and a zero-based header index that enumerates multiple headers with the same name. Use any of the information level values found on the Query Info Flags page with a modifier to control the format in which the information is stored in the lpvBuffer parameter of WinHttpQueryHeaders.
Downloading Resources from the WebAfter opening a request with the WinHttpOpenRequest function, sending it to the server with WinHttpSendRequest, and preparing the request handle to receive a response with WinHttpReceiveResponse, the application can use the WinHttpReadData and WinHttpQueryDataAvailable functions to download the resource from the HTTP server. The following sample code shows how to download a resource with secure transaction semantics. The sample code initializes the WinHTTP application programming interface (API), selects a target HTTPS server, and then opens and sends a request for this secure resource. WinHttpQueryDataAvailable is used with the request handle to determine how much data is available for download, and then WinHttpReadData is used to read that data. This process is repeated until the entire document has been retrieved and displayed. DWORD dwSize = 0;
DWORD dwDownloaded = 0;
LPSTR pszOutBuffer;
BOOL bResults = FALSE;
HINTERNET hSession = NULL,
hConnect = NULL,
hRequest = NULL; // Use WinHttpOpen to obtain a session handle.
hSession = WinHttpOpen( L"WinHTTP Example/1.0",
WINHTTP_ACCESS_TYPE_DEFAULT_PROXY,
WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_NAME,
WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_BYPASS, 0 ); // Specify an HTTP server.
if( hSession )
hConnect = WinHttpConnect( hSession, L"www.microsoft.com",
INTERNET_DEFAULT_HTTPS_PORT, 0 ); // Create an HTTP request handle.
if( hConnect )
hRequest = WinHttpOpenRequest( hConnect, L"GET", NULL,
NULL, WINHTTP_NO_REFERER,
WINHTTP_DEFAULT_ACCEPT_TYPES,
WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE ); // Send a request.
if( hRequest )
bResults = WinHttpSendRequest( hRequest,
WINHTTP_NO_ADDITIONAL_HEADERS, 0,
WINHTTP_NO_REQUEST_DATA, 0,
0, 0 );
// End the request.
if( bResults )
bResults = WinHttpReceiveResponse( hRequest, NULL ); // Keep checking for data until there is nothing left.
if( bResults )
{
do
{
// Check for available data.
dwSize = 0;
if( !WinHttpQueryDataAvailable( hRequest, &dwSize ) )
printf( "Error %u in WinHttpQueryDataAvailable.\n",
GetLastError( ) ); // Allocate space for the buffer.
pszOutBuffer = new char[dwSize+1];
if( !pszOutBuffer )
{
printf( "Out of memory\n" );
dwSize=0;
}
else
{
// Read the data.
ZeroMemory( pszOutBuffer, dwSize+1 ); if( !WinHttpReadData( hRequest, (LPVOID)pszOutBuffer,
dwSize, &dwDownloaded ) )
printf( "Error %u in WinHttpReadData.\n", GetLastError( ) );
else
printf( "%s", pszOutBuffer ); // Free the memory allocated to the buffer.
delete [] pszOutBuffer;
}
} while( dwSize > 0 );
}
// Report any errors.
if( !bResults )
printf( "Error %d has occurred.\n", GetLastError( ) ); // Close any open handles.
if( hRequest ) WinHttpCloseHandle( hRequest );
if( hConnect ) WinHttpCloseHandle( hConnect );
if( hSession ) WinHttpCloseHandle( hSession );
sniffer分析一下就OK了