vc重用OpenGL，模型前后颠倒，查了好久都查不出来什么毛病？

Question

在view的ondraw里面这样写
void CMyView::OnDraw(CDC* pDC)
{  wglMakeCurrent(m_pDC->m_hDC,m_hRC);
glClearColor(0.2,0.2,0.0,0.0);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);//
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); Draw();
glDrawBuffer (GL_BACK);
SwapBuffers(m_pDC->m_hDC);}void draw(void)
{ glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
double a[3],b[3],c[3];
a[0]= 0.00000000000000;
a[1]= 0.00000000000000;
a[2]= 0.90909090909091;
b[0]= -0.45454545454545;
b[1]= -0.45454545454545;
b[2]= 0.00000000000000;
c[0]= 0.45454545454545;
c[1]= -0.45454545454545;
c[2]= 0.00000000000000; glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
// glNormal3dv(v);
glVertex3dv(a);
glVertex3dv(b);
glVertex3dv(c);
glEnd();

a[0]= 0.00000000000000;
a[1]= 0.00000000000000;
a[2]= 0.90909090909091;
b[0]= 0.45454545454545;
b[1]= 0.45454545454545;
b[2]= 0.00000000000000;
c[0]= -0.45454545454545;
c[1]= 0.45454545454545;
c[2]= 0.00000000000000; glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
// glNormal3dv(v);
glVertex3dv(a);
glVertex3dv(b);
glVertex3dv(c);
glEnd(); a[0]= 0.00000000000000;
a[1]= 0.00000000000000;
a[2]= 0.0;
b[0]= 0.45454545454545;
b[1]= 0.45454545454545;
b[2]= 0.00000000000000;
c[0]= -0.45454545454545;
c[1]= 0.45454545454545;
c[2]= 0.00000000000000; glColor3f(1,0,0);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(0,0,1);
glVertex3f(1,1,0);
glVertex3f(-1,1,0);
glVertex3f(-1,-1,0);
glVertex3f(1,-1,0);
glEnd(); glFlush();
}
增加了光照，然后用glRotatef()旋转视图，发现z轴的正方向是垂直屏幕向里，正常的话，OpenGL的z轴是向外的。
而我用VC控制台程序重新做了一个类似的，发现结果是正常的。
不知道是不是z缓冲区的事儿？

Answer 1

没有设置投影和模型矩阵啊，我奇怪的是，
vc建的win32 console application程序都没有错
而用单文档却碰到这么怪异的事情
我把两个都贴出来这个是console的
/////////////////////////////////////////
//sample.cpp#include "stdafx.h"
#include "windows.h"
#include <GL/gl.h> // OpenGL核心库
#include <GL/glu.h>// OpenGL实用库
#include <GL/glaux.h>// OpenGL辅助库
//
void myinit(void);
void CALLBACK display(void);
void CALLBACK reshape(GLsizei w,GLsizei h);
void CALLBACK Left1(void);static GLfloat step=0;
void light();
void myinit(void)
{
//auxInitDisplayMode(AUX_SINGLE|AUX_RGBA);
auxInitDisplayMode(AUX_DOUBLE|AUX_RGBA);
auxInitPosition(0,0,500,500);
auxInitWindow("sample1");
light();
}
void light()
{
glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
//glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);
//平面不光滑GLfloat position[]={0,1.0,0,0.0};
GLfloat light_ambient[]={0.3,0.5,0.3};
GLfloat light_diffuse[]={1.0,1.0,1.0};
GLfloat light_specular[]={0.8,0.8,0.0};
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_AMBIENT,light_ambient);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,light_diffuse);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_SPECULAR,light_specular);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,position);
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);//首先定义一个材质，定义方法非常类似前面讲到的光源定义。
GLfloat mat_ambient[]={0.8,0.8,0.8,1.0};
//定义 紫色 的漫反射特性
GLfloat mat_diffuse[]={0.8,0.0,0.8,1.0};
//定义 亮紫色 的镜面反射特性
GLfloat mat_specular[]={1.0,0.0,1.0,1.0};
//定义镜面反射的光亮度
GLfloat mat_shininess[]={50.0};
//将以上材质定义应用
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_AMBIENT,mat_ambient);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_DIFFUSE,mat_diffuse);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_SPECULAR,mat_specular);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_SHININESS,mat_shininess);/*
//这里我们简化光源，以显示材质的效果。
//这里我们只指定光源位置，其他默认：白色光源。
//你也可以加入光源的定义，看看光源和材质的合成的效果
//正是因为它们能够合成，才能产生比真实生活中多的多的效果，这也正是
//3D技术吸引人的魅力所在。
GLfloat light_position[]={1.0,1.0,1.0,0.0};
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,light_position);
// GLfloat light_diffuse[]={0.0,0.0,1.0,1.0};
// glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,light_diffuse);
//将光源设置应用
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);
*///着色消隐
//*******其实说白乐，这就是大名鼎鼎的 Z-BUFFER 呀************//
glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
}
void CALLBACK reshape(GLsizei w,GLsizei h)
{
glViewport(0,0,w,h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
if(w<=h)
glOrtho(-2.0,2.0,-2.0*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w,
2.0*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w,-10.0,10.0);
else
glOrtho(-2.0*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w,
2.0*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w,-2.0,2.0,-10.0,10.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();}
void draw(void)
{ glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(0,0,-1);
glVertex3f(0,0,0);
glVertex3f(1,0,0);
glVertex3f(1,1,0);
glVertex3f(0,1,0);
glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(1,0,0);
glVertex3f(1,0,0);
glVertex3f(1,1,0);
glVertex3f(1,1,1);
glVertex3f(1,0,1);
glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(0,1,0);
glVertex3f(0,1,1);
glVertex3f(1,1,1);
glVertex3f(1,1,0);
glVertex3f(0,1,0);
glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(-1,0,0);
glVertex3f(0,1,1);
glVertex3f(0,0,1);
glVertex3f(0,0,0);
glVertex3f(0,1,0);
glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(0,-1,0);
glVertex3f(0,0,0);
glVertex3f(1,0,0);
glVertex3f(1,0,1);
glVertex3f(0,0,1);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(0,0,1);
glVertex3f(0,0,1);
glVertex3f(1,0,1);
glVertex3f(1,1,1);
glVertex3f(0,1,1);
glEnd();/* auxSolidCube(1);*/
//auxSolidTorus(.7,.5);
//glPopMatrix();
glFlush();
}
void CALLBACK display(void)
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);//glPushMatrix();
//glTranslatef(-0.5,-0.5,-6.0);glRotatef(step,1,0.5,0); draw();
//glPopMatrix();
//glFlush();
auxSwapBuffers();
}void CALLBACK Left1(void)
{
step=-1;
};
void CALLBACK R(void)
{
step=1;
}
void main(void)
{
myinit();
auxKeyFunc(AUX_RIGHT,R);auxKeyFunc(AUX_LEFT,Left1);
auxReshapeFunc(reshape);
auxMainLoop(display);
//auxIdleFunc(display);
}
//end of sample
////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Answer 2

单文档的如下，很容易看出来，我画的正方体应该在平面z=0的前面，而这个却在z=0的后面// VCOpenGLView.cpp : implementation of the CVCOpenGLView class
//#include "stdafx.h"
#include "VCOpenGL.h"#include <GL/gl.h> // OpenGL核心库
#include <GL/glu.h>// OpenGL实用库
#include <GL/glaux.h>// OpenGL辅助库#include "VCOpenGLDoc.h"
#include "VCOpenGLView.h"#ifdef _DEBUG
#define new DEBUG_NEW
#undef THIS_FILE
static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;
#endif/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CVCOpenGLViewIMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE(CVCOpenGLView, CView)BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CVCOpenGLView, CView)
//{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CVCOpenGLView)
ON_WM_CREATE()
ON_WM_SIZE()
ON_COMMAND(ID_rotate, On_rotate)
//}}AFX_MSG_MAP
// Standard printing commands
ON_COMMAND(ID_FILE_PRINT, CView::OnFilePrint)
ON_COMMAND(ID_FILE_PRINT_DIRECT, CView::OnFilePrint)
ON_COMMAND(ID_FILE_PRINT_PREVIEW, CView::OnFilePrintPreview)
END_MESSAGE_MAP()/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CVCOpenGLView construction/destruction
void light();
CVCOpenGLView::CVCOpenGLView()
{
m_hGLContext = NULL;
m_GLPixelIndex = 0;}CVCOpenGLView::~CVCOpenGLView()
{
}BOOL CVCOpenGLView::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs)
{
// TODO: Modify the Window class or styles here by modifying
//  the CREATESTRUCT cs
cs.style|=(WS_CLIPCHILDREN|WS_CLIPSIBLINGS); 
return CView::PreCreateWindow(cs);
}/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CVCOpenGLView drawing//DEL void CVCOpenGLView::OnDraw(CDC* pDC)
//DEL {
//DEL  CVCOpenGLDoc* pDoc = GetDocument();
//DEL  ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);
//DEL  // TODO: add draw code for native data here
//DEL }/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CVCOpenGLView printingBOOL CVCOpenGLView::OnPreparePrinting(CPrintInfo* pInfo)
{
// default preparation
return DoPreparePrinting(pInfo);
}void CVCOpenGLView::OnBeginPrinting(CDC* /*pDC*/, CPrintInfo* /*pInfo*/)
{
// TODO: add extra initialization before printing
}void CVCOpenGLView::OnEndPrinting(CDC* /*pDC*/, CPrintInfo* /*pInfo*/)
{
// TODO: add cleanup after printing
}/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CVCOpenGLView diagnostics#ifdef _DEBUG
void CVCOpenGLView::AssertValid() const
{
CView::AssertValid();
}void CVCOpenGLView::Dump(CDumpContext& dc) const
{
CView::Dump(dc);
}CVCOpenGLDoc* CVCOpenGLView::GetDocument() // non-debug version is inline
{
ASSERT(m_pDocument->IsKindOf(RUNTIME_CLASS(CVCOpenGLDoc)));
return (CVCOpenGLDoc*)m_pDocument;
}
#endif //_DEBUG/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CVCOpenGLView message handlersBOOL CVCOpenGLView::SetFormat(HDC hDC)
{
PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pixelDesc;   pixelDesc.nSize = sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR);    pixelDesc.nVersion = 1;    pixelDesc.dwFlags = PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW |    PFD_DRAW_TO_BITMAP|PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL|    PFD_SUPPORT_GDI|    PFD_STEREO_DONTCARE;    pixelDesc.iPixelType = PFD_TYPE_RGBA;    pixelDesc.cColorBits = 32;    pixelDesc.cRedBits = 8;    pixelDesc.cRedShift = 16;    pixelDesc.cGreenBits = 8;    pixelDesc.cGreenShift = 8;    pixelDesc.cBlueBits = 8;    pixelDesc.cBlueShift = 0;    pixelDesc.cAlphaBits = 0;    pixelDesc.cAlphaShift = 0;    pixelDesc.cAccumBits = 64;    pixelDesc.cAccumRedBits = 16;    pixelDesc.cAccumGreenBits = 16;    pixelDesc.cAccumBlueBits = 16;    pixelDesc.cAccumAlphaBits = 0;    pixelDesc.cDepthBits = 32;    pixelDesc.cStencilBits = 8;    pixelDesc.cAuxBuffers = 0;    pixelDesc.iLayerType = PFD_MAIN_PLANE;    pixelDesc.bReserved = 0;    pixelDesc.dwLayerMask = 0;    pixelDesc.dwVisibleMask = 0;    pixelDesc.dwDamageMask = 0;       m_GLPixelIndex = ChoosePixelFormat(hDC, &pixelDesc);    if (m_GLPixelIndex==0) // Let's choose a default index.    { m_GLPixelIndex = 1;    if (DescribePixelFormat(hDC, m_GLPixelIndex,    sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), &pixelDesc)==0)    { return FALSE;    }    }    if (SetPixelFormat( hDC, m_GLPixelIndex, &pixelDesc)==FALSE)    { return FALSE;    }    return TRUE; }int CVCOpenGLView::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct) 
{if (CView::OnCreate(lpCreateStruct) == -1)    return -1;    HWND hWnd = GetSafeHwnd();    HDC hDC = ::GetDC(hWnd);    if (SetFormat(hDC)==FALSE)    return 0;    if (CreateViewGLContext(hDC)==FALSE)    return 0; 
   light();

return 0;
}void CVCOpenGLView::OnSize(UINT nType, int cx, int cy) 
{
CView::OnSize(nType, cx, cy); 
glViewport(0, 0, cx, cy); 
}
BOOL CVCOpenGLView::CreateViewGLContext(HDC hDC)
{ 

m_hGLContext = wglCreateContext(hDC);//用当前DC产生绘制环境(RC)      if (m_hGLContext == NULL)      { return FALSE;      }      if (wglMakeCurrent(hDC, m_hGLContext)==FALSE)      { return FALSE;      }      return TRUE;     } void light()
{
glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
//glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);
//平面不光滑GLfloat position[]={1,1.0,0,0.0};
GLfloat light_ambient[]={0.3,0.5,0.3};
GLfloat light_diffuse[]={1.0,1.0,1.0};
GLfloat light_specular[]={0.8,0.8,0.0};
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_AMBIENT,light_ambient);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,light_diffuse);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_SPECULAR,light_specular);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,position);
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);//首先定义一个材质，定义方法非常类似前面讲到的光源定义。
GLfloat mat_ambient[]={0.8,0.8,0.8,1.0};
//定义 紫色 的漫反射特性
GLfloat mat_diffuse[]={0.8,0.0,0.8,1.0};
//定义 亮紫色 的镜面反射特性
GLfloat mat_specular[]={1.0,0.0,1.0,1.0};
//定义镜面反射的光亮度
GLfloat mat_shininess[]={50.0};
//将以上材质定义应用
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_AMBIENT,mat_ambient);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_DIFFUSE,mat_diffuse);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_SPECULAR,mat_specular);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_SHININESS,mat_shininess);
//着色消隐
//*******其实说白乐，这就是大名鼎鼎的 Z-BUFFER 呀************//
glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
}void CVCOpenGLView::OnDraw(CDC* pDC) 
{ 

CVCOpenGLDoc* pDoc = GetDocument();
ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);
wglMakeCurrent(pDC->m_hDC,m_hGLContext);
glClearColor(0.2,0.2,0.0,0.0);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glRotatef(10,1,.5,0);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(0,0,-.5);
glVertex3f(0,0,0);
glVertex3f(.5,0,0);
glVertex3f(.5,.5,0);
glVertex3f(0,.5,0);
glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(.5,0,0);
glVertex3f(.5,0,0);
glVertex3f(.5,.5,0);
glVertex3f(.5,.5,.5);
glVertex3f(.5,0,.5);
glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(0,.5,0);
glVertex3f(0,.5,.5);
glVertex3f(.5,.5,.5);
glVertex3f(.5,.5,0);
glVertex3f(0,.5,0);
glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(-.5,0,0);
glVertex3f(0,.5,.5);
glVertex3f(0,0,.5);
glVertex3f(0,0,0);
glVertex3f(0,.5,0);
glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(0,-.5,0);
glVertex3f(0,0,0);
glVertex3f(.5,0,0);
glVertex3f(.5,0,.5);
glVertex3f(0,0,.5);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(0,0,.5);
glVertex3f(0,0,.5);
glVertex3f(.5,0,.5);
glVertex3f(.5,.5,.5);
glVertex3f(0,.5,.5);
glEnd();
glFlush(); glDrawBuffer (GL_BACK);
SwapBuffers(pDC->m_hDC);
}void CVCOpenGLView::On_rotate() 
{
CRect client;
GetClientRect(&client);//获得客户区范围
InvalidateRect(client,FALSE);
}

Answer 3

void CVCOpenGLView::OnDraw(CDC* pDC) 
{ 

CVCOpenGLDoc* pDoc = GetDocument();
ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);
wglMakeCurrent(pDC->m_hDC,m_hGLContext);
glClearColor(0.2,0.2,0.0,0.0);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glRotatef(10,1,.5,0);   //这一行参数不对。
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);//这行去掉
glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(0,0,-.5);
glVertex3f(0,0,0);
glVertex3f(.5,0,0);
glVertex3f(.5,.5,0);
glVertex3f(0,.5,0);
glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(.5,0,0);
glVertex3f(.5,0,0);
glVertex3f(.5,.5,0);
glVertex3f(.5,.5,.5);
glVertex3f(.5,0,.5);
glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(0,.5,0);
glVertex3f(0,.5,.5);
glVertex3f(.5,.5,.5);
glVertex3f(.5,.5,0);
glVertex3f(0,.5,0);
glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(-.5,0,0);
glVertex3f(0,.5,.5);
glVertex3f(0,0,.5);
glVertex3f(0,0,0);
glVertex3f(0,.5,0);
glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(0,-.5,0);
glVertex3f(0,0,0);
glVertex3f(.5,0,0);
glVertex3f(.5,0,.5);
glVertex3f(0,0,.5);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glNormal3f(0,0,.5);
glVertex3f(0,0,.5);
glVertex3f(.5,0,.5);
glVertex3f(.5,.5,.5);
glVertex3f(0,.5,.5);
glEnd();
glFlush(); glDrawBuffer (GL_BACK);//放的位置不对，先注释掉试试。
SwapBuffers(pDC->m_hDC);
}

Answer 4

glRotatef(10,1,.5,0);   //这一行参数不对。
为什么？另外两句我注释掉了，但是还是那样！