如何取得系统中的桌面的路径

得到“桌面”及其下的子目录:
unit BrowseTreeView;interfaceuses
  Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs,
  ShlObj,ComCtrls;type
  PTreeViewItem=^TTreeViewItem;
  TTreeViewItem=record
   ParentFolder:IShellFolder;
   //节点对应的文件夹的父文件夹的IShellFolder接口
   Pidl,FullPidl:PItemIDList;
   //节点对应的文件夹的相对和绝对项目标识符列表
   HasExpanded:Boolean;//节点是否展开
  end;
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    TreeView1: TTreeView;
    procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
    procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
    procedure TreeView1Expanding(Sender: TObject; Node: TTreeNode;
      var AllowExpansion: Boolean);  private
    { Private declarations }
    FItemList:TList;
    procedure SetTreeViewImageList;
    procedure FillTreeView(Folder:IShellFolder;FullPIDL:PItemIDList;ParentNode:TTreeNode);  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;var
  Form1: TForm1;implementation{$R *.DFM}
uses
  ActiveX,ComObj,ShellAPI,CommCtrl;
  //以下是几个对项目标识符进行操作的函数procedure DisposePIDL(ID:PItemIDList);
var
  Malloc:IMalloc;
begin
  if ID= nil then Exit;
  OLECheck(SHGetMalloc(Malloc));
  Malloc.Free(ID);
end;function CopyItemID(ID:PItemIDList):PItemIDList;
var
  Malloc:IMalloc;
begin
  Result:=nil;
  OLECheck(SHGetMalloc(Malloc));
  if Assigned(ID) then
  begin
    Result:=Malloc.Alloc(ID^.mkid.cb+sizeof(ID^.mkid.cb));
    CopyMemory(Result,ID,ID^.mkid.cb+sizeof(ID^.mkid.cb));
  end;
end;function NextPIDL(ID:PItemIDList):PItemIDList;
begin
  result:=id;
  Inc(PChar(result),id^.mkid.cb);
end;function GetPIDLSize(ID:PItemIDList):Integer;
begin
  result:=0;
  if  Assigned(ID) then
  begin
    result:=sizeof(ID^.mkid.cb);
    while ID^.mkid.cb <> 0 do
    begin
      Inc(result,ID^.mkid.cb);
      ID:=NextPIDL(ID);
    end;
  end;
end;function CreatePIDL(Size:Integer):PItemIDList;
var
  Malloc:IMalloc;
  HR:HResult;
begin
  result:=nil;
  HR:=SHGetMalloc(Malloc);
  if Failed(HR) then Exit;
  try
    Result:=Malloc.Alloc(Size);
    if Assigned(Result) then
      FillChar(Result^,Size,0);
  finally
  end;
end;function ConcatPIDLs(ID1,ID2:PItemIDList):PItemIDList;
var
  cb1,cb2:Integer;
begin
  if Assigned(ID1) then
    cb1:=GetPIDLSize(ID1)-sizeof(ID1^.mkid.cb )
  else
    cb1:=0;
    cb2:=GetPIDLSize(ID2);
    result:=CreatePIDL(cb1+cb2);
    if Assigned(Result) then
    begin
      if Assigned(ID1) then
        CopyMemory(Result,ID1,cb1);
        CopyMemory(PChar(Result)+cb1,ID2,cb2);
    end;
end;
//将二进制表示的项目标识符列表转换成有可识的项目名function GetDisplayName(Folder:IShellFolder;PIDL:PItemIDList;ForParsing:Boolean):String;
var
  StrRet:TStrRet;
  P:PChar;
  Flags:Integer;
begin
  result:='';
  if ForParsing then
    Flags:=SHGDN_FORPARSING
  else
    Flags:=SHGDN_NORMAL;
    Folder.GetDisplayNameOf(pidl,flags,StrRet);
    case StrRet.uType of
      STRRET_CSTR:
        SetString(Result,StrRet.cStr,StrLen(StrRet.cStr));
      STRRET_OFFSET:
      begin
        P:[email protected][StrRet.uOffset-sizeof(PIDL.mkid.cb)];
        SetString(Result,P,PIDL.mkid.cb-StrRet.UOffset);
      end;
    end;
end;function GetIcon(PIDL:PItemIDList;Open:Boolean):Integer;
const
  IconFlag=SHGFI_PIDL or SHGFI_SYSICONINDEX or SHGFI_SMALLICON;
var
  FileInfo:TSHFileInfo;
  Flags:Integer;
begin
  if Open then
    Flags:=IconFlag or SHGFI_OPENICON
  else
    Flags:=IconFlag;
    SHGetFileInfo(PChar(PIDL),0,FileInfo,sizeof(TSHFileInfo),Flags);
    result:=FileInfo.iIcon;
end;
//获得每个文件夹在系统中的图标

procedure GetItemIcons(FullPIDL:PItemIDList;TreeNode:TTreeNode);
begin
  with TreeNode do
  begin
    ImageIndex:=GetIcon(FullPIDL,False);
    SelectedIndex:=GetIcon(FullPIDL,True);
  end;
end;
//获得系统的图标列表procedure TForm1.SetTreeViewImageList;
var
  imagelist:thandle;
  fileinfo:tshfileinfo;
begin
  imagelist:=shgetfileinfo(Pchar('c:\'),0,fileinfo,sizeof(tshfileinfo),shgfi_sysiconindex or shgfi_smallicon);
  if imagelist<>0 then
    treeview_setimagelist(treeview1.handle,imagelist,0);
end;
//生成文件夹管理树procedure TForm1.FillTreeView(Folder:IShellFolder;FullPIDL:PItemIDList;ParentNode:TTreeNode);
var
  TreeViewItem:PTreeViewItem;
  EnumIDList:IEnumIDList;
  PIDLs,FullItemPIDL:PItemIDList;
  NumID:LongWord;
  ChildNode:TTreeNode;
  Attr:Cardinal;
begin
  try
    OLECheck(Folder.EnumObjects(Handle,SHCONTF_FOLDERS,EnumIDList));
    while EnumIDList.Next(1,PIDls,NumID)=S_OK do
    begin
      FullItemPIDL:=ConcatPIDLs(FullPIDL,PIDLs);
      TreeViewItem:=New(PTreeViewItem);
      TreeViewItem.ParentFolder:=Folder;
      TreeViewItem.Pidl:=CopyItemID(PIDLs);
      TreeViewItem.FullPidl:=FullItemPIDL;
      TreeViewItem.HasExpanded:=False;
      FItemList.Add(TreeViewItem);
      ChildNode:=TreeView1.Items.AddChildObject(ParentNode,GetDisplayName(Folder,PIDLs,False),TreeViewItem);
      GetItemIcons(FullItemPIDL,ChildNode);
      Attr:=SFGAO_HASSUBFOLDER or SFGAO_FOLDER;
      Folder.GetAttributesOf (1,PIDLs,Attr);
      if Bool(Attr and(SFGAO_HASSUBFOLDER or SFGAO_FOLDER)) then
        if Bool(Attr and SFGAO_FOLDER) then
          if Bool(Attr and SFGAO_HASSUBFOLDER) then
            ChildNode.HasChildren:=True;
    end;
  except
  // 你可在此处对异常进行处理
  end;
end;procedure TForm1.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
var
  I:Integer;
begin
  try
    for I:=0 to FItemList.Count-1 do
    begin
      DisposePIDL(PTreeViewItem(FItemList[i]).PIDL);
      DisposePIDL(PTreeViewItem(FItemList[i]).FullPIDL);
    end;
  FItemList.Clear;
  FItemList.Free;
  except
  end;
end;procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
var
  Folder:IshellFolder;
begin
  SetTreeViewImageList;
  OLECheck(ShGetDesktopFolder(Folder));
  FItemList:=Tlist.Create;
  FillTreeView(folder,nil,nil);end;procedure TForm1.TreeView1Expanding(Sender: TObject; Node: TTreeNode;
  var AllowExpansion: Boolean);
var
  tVItem:PTreeViewItem;
  SHFolder:IShellFolder;
begin
  TVItem:=PTreeViewItem(Node.Data);
  if TVItem.HasExpanded then Exit;
    OLECheck(TVItem.ParentFolder.BindToObject(TVItem^.Pidl,Nil,IID_IShellFolder,Pointer(SHFolder)));
    FillTreeView(SHFolder,TVItem^.FullPidl,Node);
    Node.AlphaSort;
    TVItem^.HasExpanded:=True;end;end.

要引用 shlobj ：
function GetDesktopFolder: string;
var
  Buffer: PChar;
begin
  Result := '';
  GetMem(Buffer, MAX_PATH);
  try
    if ShGetSpecialFolderPath(Application.Handle,Buffer, CSIDL_DESKTOP, False) then
      SetString(Result, Buffer, StrLen(Buffer));
  finally
    FreeMem(Buffer);
  end;
end; 或者
也要引用shlobj
function GetDesktopDir: string;
var
  Buffer: PChar;
  ItemIDList: PItemIDList;
  ShellMalloc: IMalloc;
begin
  Result := '';
  if (ShGetMalloc(ShellMalloc) = S_OK) and (ShellMalloc <> nil) then
  begin
    Buffer := ShellMalloc.Alloc(MAX_PATH);
    try
      if SHGetSpecialFolderLocation(Application.Handle, CSIDL_DESKTOP, ItemIDList) = S_OK then
        if SHGetPathFromIDList(ItemIDList,Buffer) then
          SetString(Result, Buffer, StrLen(Buffer));
    finally
      ShellMalloc.Free(Buffer);
    end;
  end;
end;

利用Api函数，利用他们就可以轻松简单的获取这些特殊系统目录。      Function SHGetSpecialFolderLocation(hwndOwner: HWND; nFolder: Integer;
var ppidl: PItemIDList): HResult; stdcall;      Function SHGetPathFromIDList(pidl: PItemIDList; pszPath: PChar):                BOOL;stdcall;      其中由nFolder参数指定的就是各个特殊系统目录：      CSIDL_DESKTOP：毫无疑问这就是桌面；      CSIDL_DRIVERS：我的电脑；      CSIDL_FAVORITES：收藏夹；      CSIDL_STARTUP：开始菜单；      CSIDL_NETWORK：网上邻居；       还有很多，你可以查阅一下Delphi的Win32 Api函数的帮助文件，不过在帮助文件下的这些参数也不是很全，像收藏夹帮助文件里面就没有，你可以查阅一下它的头文件：shlobj.pas。      下面我就利用这两个函数取得桌面的路径(在win98和win2000下都可以使用):       uses shlobj;       var
         pitem:PITEMIDLIST;
         s:string;
       begin
          shGetSpecialFolderLocation(handle,CSIDL_DESKTOP,pitem);
         setlength(s,100);
          shGetPathFromIDList(pitem,pchar(s));
       end;        在字符串s中存储的就是桌面的路径值。简单吧！

相关资料：如何取得某些特殊文件夹路径在Windows 下有很多的特殊含义的文件夹，如桌面，网上邻居，字体，我的文档，
程序组，最近文档，发送到，开始菜单，启动等，有时可能需要取得这些文件夹
的真正路径。
一种方法是通过读注册表文件，存放在HKEY_CURRENT_USER根下，目录为：
Software\MicroSoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer
可看到在shell folder段中存放着上述文件夹所对应的实际物理目录，至于如何
读注册表的操作不再给出，请自行解决。
另一种方法是调用shell函数可以得到相应的目录，但是不是所有在shell folder
目录下的文件夹都可以获得，请注意。
function GetSpecialFolderDir(const folderid:integer):string;
var
    pidl:pItemIDList;
    buffer:array [ 0..255 ] of char ;
begin
    //取指定的文件夹项目表
    SHGetSpecialFolderLocation( application.Handle , folderid, pidl);
    SHGetPathFromIDList(pidl, buffer);    //转换成文件系统的路径
    result:=strpas(buffer);
end;其中：folderid可以取下面的值：但是请注意，有些是虚的文件夹，不是文件系统
的一部分，所以用SHGetPathFromIDList是取不出路径的，但是在此也列出了。打'*'
号的为不是真正的文件系统，应该用作它用。
    CSIDL_BITBUCKET         *   回收站
    CSIDL_CONTROLS          *   控制面板
    CSIDL_DESKTOP           *   桌面
    CSIDL_DESKTOPDIRECTORY      桌面目录       //如C:\WINDOWS\Desktop
    CSIDL_DRIVES            *   我的电脑
    CSIDL_FONTS                 字体           //如C:\WINDOWS\FONTS
    CSIDL_NETHOOD               网上邻居目录   //如C:\WINDOWS\NetHood
    CSIDL_NETWORK           *   网上邻居
    CSIDL_PERSONAL              我的文档       //如C:\My Documents
    CSIDL_PRINTERS          *   打印机
    CSIDL_PROGRAMS              程序组         //如C:\WINDOWS\Start Menu\Programs
    CSIDL_RECENT                最近文档       //如C:\WINDOWS\Recent
    CSIDL_SENDTO                发送到         //如C:\WINDOWS\SentTo
    CSIDL_STARTMENU             开始菜单       //如C:\WINDOWS\Start Menu
    CSIDL_STARTUP               启动           //如C:\WINDOWS\启动
    CSIDL_TEMPLATES             模版           //如C:\WINDOWS\ShellNew

调试易

如何取得系统中的桌面的路径

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