下面的存储过程从四个表的联接中返回所有作者(提供了姓名)、出版的书籍以及出版社。该存储过程不使用任何参数。USE pubs IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'au_info_all' AND type = 'P') DROP PROCEDURE au_info_all GO CREATE PROCEDURE au_info_all AS SELECT au_lname, au_fname, title, pub_name FROM authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id GO创建触发器 USE pubs IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'reminder' AND type = 'TR') DROP TRIGGER reminder GO CREATE TRIGGER reminder ON titles FOR INSERT, UPDATE AS RAISERROR (50009, 16, 10) GOA. 计算 ISO 周的标量值用户定义函数 下例中,用户定义函数 ISOweek 取日期参数并计算 ISO 周数。为了正确计算该函数,必须在调用该函数前唤醒调用 SET DATEFIRST 1。 CREATE FUNCTION ISOweek (@DATE datetime) RETURNS int AS BEGIN DECLARE @ISOweek int SET @ISOweek= DATEPART(wk,@DATE)+1 -DATEPART(wk,CAST(DATEPART(yy,@DATE) as CHAR(4))+'0104') --Special cases: Jan 1-3 may belong to the previous year IF (@ISOweek=0) SET @ISOweek=dbo.ISOweek(CAST(DATEPART(yy,@DATE)-1 AS CHAR(4))+'12'+ CAST(24+DATEPART(DAY,@DATE) AS CHAR(2)))+1 --Special case: Dec 29-31 may belong to the next year IF ((DATEPART(mm,@DATE)=12) AND ((DATEPART(dd,@DATE)-DATEPART(dw,@DATE))>= 28)) SET @ISOweek=1 RETURN(@ISOweek) END........以后的例子也不举了,在联机帮助上全有
数据库复制技术(这个涉及到触发器技术):--即时同步两个表的实例:--测试环境:SQL2000,远程主机名:xz,用户名:sa,密码:无,数据库名:test--创建测试表,不能用标识列做主键,因为不能进行正常更新 --在本机上创建测试表,远程主机上也要做同样的建表操作,只是不写触发器 if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[test]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) drop table [test]create table test(id int not null constraint PK_test primary key ,name varchar(10)) go--创建同步的触发器 create trigger t_test on test for insert,update,delete as set XACT_ABORT on --启动远程服务器的MSDTC服务 exec master..xp_cmdshell 'isql /S"xz" /U"sa" /P"" /q"exec master..xp_cmdshell ''net start msdtc'',no_output"',no_output--启动本机的MSDTC服务 exec master..xp_cmdshell 'net start msdtc',no_output--进行分布事务处理,如果表用标识列做主键,用下面的方法 BEGIN DISTRIBUTED TRANSACTION delete from openrowset('sqloledb','xz';'sa';'',test.dbo.test) where id in(select id from deleted) insert into openrowset('sqloledb','xz';'sa';'',test.dbo.test) select * from inserted commit tran go--插入数据测试 insert into test select 1,'aa' union all select 2,'bb' union all select 3,'c' union all select 4,'dd' union all select 5,'ab' union all select 6,'bc' union all select 7,'ddd'--删除数据测试 delete from test where id in(1,4,6)--更新数据测试 update test set name=name+'_123' where id in(3,5)--显示测试的结果 select * from test a full join openrowset('sqloledb','xz';'sa';'',test.dbo.test) b on a.id=b.id
数据库复制技术(这个涉及到触发器/存储过程/作业 三方面的技术):--定时同步服务器上的数据--例子: --测试环境,SQL Server2000,远程服务器名:xz,用户名为:sa,无密码,测试数据库:test --服务器上的表(查询分析器连接到服务器上创建) create table [user](id int primary key,number varchar(4),name varchar(10)) go --以下在局域网(本机操作) --本机的表,state说明:null 表示新增记录,1 表示修改过的记录,0 表示无变化的记录 if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[user]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) drop table [user] GO create table [user](id int identity(1,1),number varchar(4),name varchar(10),state bit) go --创建触发器,维护state字段的值 create trigger t_state on [user] after update as update [user] set state=1 from [user] a join inserted b on a.id=b.id where a.state is not null go--为了方便同步处理,创建链接服务器到要同步的服务器 --这里的远程服务器名为:xz,用户名为:sa,无密码 if exists(select 1 from master..sysservers where srvname='srv_lnk') exec sp_dropserver 'srv_lnk','droplogins' go exec sp_addlinkedserver 'srv_lnk','','SQLOLEDB','xz' exec sp_addlinkedsrvlogin 'srv_lnk','false',null,'sa' go--创建同步处理的存储过程 if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[p_synchro]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsProcedure') = 1) drop procedure [dbo].[p_synchro] GO create proc p_synchro as --set XACT_ABORT on --启动远程服务器的MSDTC服务 --exec master..xp_cmdshell 'isql /S"xz" /U"sa" /P"" /q"exec master..xp_cmdshell ''net start msdtc'',no_output"',no_output--启动本机的MSDTC服务 --exec master..xp_cmdshell 'net start msdtc',no_output--进行分布事务处理,如果表用标识列做主键,用下面的方法 --BEGIN DISTRIBUTED TRANSACTION --同步删除的数据 delete from srv_lnk.test.dbo.[user] where id not in(select id from [user]) --同步新增的数据 insert into srv_lnk.test.dbo.[user] select id,number,name from [user] where state is null
--同步修改的数据 update srv_lnk.test.dbo.[user] set number=b.number,name=b.name from srv_lnk.test.dbo.[user] a join [user] b on a.id=b.id where b.state=1
--自已做标识列的例子(这个涉及到自定义函数/字段默认值设置):--创建得到最大id的函数 create function f_getid() returns int as begin declare @id int select @id=max(id) from tb set @id=isnull(@id,0)+1 return(@id) end go--创建表 create table tb(id int default dbo.f_getid() primary key,name varchar(10)) go--创建触发器,在删除表中的记录时,自动更新记录的id create trigger t_delete on tb AFTER delete as declare @id int,@mid int select @mid=min(id),@id=@mid-1 from deleted update tb set id=@id,@id=@id+1 where id>@mid go--插入记录测试 insert into tb(name) values('张三') insert into tb(name) values('张四') insert into tb(name) values('张五') insert into tb(name) values('张六') insert into tb(name) values('张七') insert into tb(name) values('张八') insert into tb(name) values('张九') insert into tb(name) values('张十')--显示插入的结果 select * from tb--删除部分记录 delete from tb where name in('张五','张七','张八','张十')--显示删除后的结果 select * from tb--删除环境 drop table tb drop function f_getid
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects
WHERE name = 'au_info_all' AND type = 'P')
DROP PROCEDURE au_info_all
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE au_info_all
AS
SELECT au_lname, au_fname, title, pub_name
FROM authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta
ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t
ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p
ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id
GO创建触发器
USE pubs
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects
WHERE name = 'reminder' AND type = 'TR')
DROP TRIGGER reminder
GO
CREATE TRIGGER reminder
ON titles
FOR INSERT, UPDATE
AS RAISERROR (50009, 16, 10)
GOA. 计算 ISO 周的标量值用户定义函数
下例中,用户定义函数 ISOweek 取日期参数并计算 ISO 周数。为了正确计算该函数,必须在调用该函数前唤醒调用 SET DATEFIRST 1。 CREATE FUNCTION ISOweek (@DATE datetime)
RETURNS int
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @ISOweek int
SET @ISOweek= DATEPART(wk,@DATE)+1
-DATEPART(wk,CAST(DATEPART(yy,@DATE) as CHAR(4))+'0104')
--Special cases: Jan 1-3 may belong to the previous year
IF (@ISOweek=0)
SET @ISOweek=dbo.ISOweek(CAST(DATEPART(yy,@DATE)-1
AS CHAR(4))+'12'+ CAST(24+DATEPART(DAY,@DATE) AS CHAR(2)))+1
--Special case: Dec 29-31 may belong to the next year
IF ((DATEPART(mm,@DATE)=12) AND
((DATEPART(dd,@DATE)-DATEPART(dw,@DATE))>= 28))
SET @ISOweek=1
RETURN(@ISOweek)
END........以后的例子也不举了,在联机帮助上全有
--在本机上创建测试表,远程主机上也要做同样的建表操作,只是不写触发器
if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[test]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1)
drop table [test]create table test(id int not null constraint PK_test primary key
,name varchar(10))
go--创建同步的触发器
create trigger t_test on test
for insert,update,delete
as
set XACT_ABORT on
--启动远程服务器的MSDTC服务
exec master..xp_cmdshell 'isql /S"xz" /U"sa" /P"" /q"exec master..xp_cmdshell ''net start msdtc'',no_output"',no_output--启动本机的MSDTC服务
exec master..xp_cmdshell 'net start msdtc',no_output--进行分布事务处理,如果表用标识列做主键,用下面的方法
BEGIN DISTRIBUTED TRANSACTION
delete from openrowset('sqloledb','xz';'sa';'',test.dbo.test)
where id in(select id from deleted)
insert into openrowset('sqloledb','xz';'sa';'',test.dbo.test)
select * from inserted
commit tran
go--插入数据测试
insert into test
select 1,'aa'
union all select 2,'bb'
union all select 3,'c'
union all select 4,'dd'
union all select 5,'ab'
union all select 6,'bc'
union all select 7,'ddd'--删除数据测试
delete from test where id in(1,4,6)--更新数据测试
update test set name=name+'_123' where id in(3,5)--显示测试的结果
select * from test a full join
openrowset('sqloledb','xz';'sa';'',test.dbo.test) b on a.id=b.id
--测试环境,SQL Server2000,远程服务器名:xz,用户名为:sa,无密码,测试数据库:test
--服务器上的表(查询分析器连接到服务器上创建)
create table [user](id int primary key,number varchar(4),name varchar(10))
go
--以下在局域网(本机操作)
--本机的表,state说明:null 表示新增记录,1 表示修改过的记录,0 表示无变化的记录
if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[user]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1)
drop table [user]
GO
create table [user](id int identity(1,1),number varchar(4),name varchar(10),state bit)
go
--创建触发器,维护state字段的值
create trigger t_state on [user]
after update
as
update [user] set state=1
from [user] a join inserted b on a.id=b.id
where a.state is not null
go--为了方便同步处理,创建链接服务器到要同步的服务器
--这里的远程服务器名为:xz,用户名为:sa,无密码
if exists(select 1 from master..sysservers where srvname='srv_lnk')
exec sp_dropserver 'srv_lnk','droplogins'
go
exec sp_addlinkedserver 'srv_lnk','','SQLOLEDB','xz'
exec sp_addlinkedsrvlogin 'srv_lnk','false',null,'sa'
go--创建同步处理的存储过程
if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[p_synchro]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsProcedure') = 1)
drop procedure [dbo].[p_synchro]
GO
create proc p_synchro
as
--set XACT_ABORT on
--启动远程服务器的MSDTC服务
--exec master..xp_cmdshell 'isql /S"xz" /U"sa" /P"" /q"exec master..xp_cmdshell ''net start msdtc'',no_output"',no_output--启动本机的MSDTC服务
--exec master..xp_cmdshell 'net start msdtc',no_output--进行分布事务处理,如果表用标识列做主键,用下面的方法
--BEGIN DISTRIBUTED TRANSACTION
--同步删除的数据
delete from srv_lnk.test.dbo.[user]
where id not in(select id from [user]) --同步新增的数据
insert into srv_lnk.test.dbo.[user]
select id,number,name from [user] where state is null
--同步修改的数据
update srv_lnk.test.dbo.[user] set
number=b.number,name=b.name
from srv_lnk.test.dbo.[user] a
join [user] b on a.id=b.id
where b.state=1
--同步后更新本机的标志
update [user] set state=0 where isnull(state,1)=1
--COMMIT TRAN
go--创建作业,定时执行数据同步的存储过程
if exists(SELECT 1 from msdb..sysjobs where name='数据处理')
EXECUTE msdb.dbo.sp_delete_job @job_name='数据处理'
exec msdb..sp_add_job @job_name='数据处理'--创建作业步骤
declare @sql varchar(800),@dbname varchar(250)
select @sql='exec p_synchro' --数据处理的命令
,@dbname=db_name() --执行数据处理的数据库名exec msdb..sp_add_jobstep @job_name='数据处理',
@step_name = '数据同步',
@subsystem = 'TSQL',
@database_name=@dbname,
@command = @sql,
@retry_attempts = 5, --重试次数
@retry_interval = 5 --重试间隔--创建调度
EXEC msdb..sp_add_jobschedule @job_name = '数据处理',
@name = '时间安排',
@freq_type = 4, --每天
@freq_interval = 1, --每天执行一次
@active_start_time = 00000 --0点执行
go
create function f_getid()
returns int
as
begin
declare @id int
select @id=max(id) from tb
set @id=isnull(@id,0)+1
return(@id)
end
go--创建表
create table tb(id int default dbo.f_getid() primary key,name varchar(10))
go--创建触发器,在删除表中的记录时,自动更新记录的id
create trigger t_delete on tb
AFTER delete
as
declare @id int,@mid int
select @mid=min(id),@id=@mid-1 from deleted
update tb set id=@id,@id=@id+1 where id>@mid
go--插入记录测试
insert into tb(name) values('张三')
insert into tb(name) values('张四')
insert into tb(name) values('张五')
insert into tb(name) values('张六')
insert into tb(name) values('张七')
insert into tb(name) values('张八')
insert into tb(name) values('张九')
insert into tb(name) values('张十')--显示插入的结果
select * from tb--删除部分记录
delete from tb where name in('张五','张七','张八','张十')--显示删除后的结果
select * from tb--删除环境
drop table tb
drop function f_getid